Traditional delivery of sport development programs, especially at the community level, face particular challenges under neoliberal ideology. While several issues are evident, this paper addresses the issue of development through sport for disadvantaged communities. It reviews models where sport was employed to develop better community and citizen life outcomes and t o d e a l wi t h s o c i a l i s s u e s p r e v i o u s l y d e a l t wi t h t h r o u g h " we l f a r e s t a t e " p r o c e s s e s. These new models flow out of neo-liberalist state agendas to assist in fostering social inclusion and to building positive social capital in disadvantaged communities. Examples from England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Canada are analysed and the implications for the Australian context are discussed. The discussion focuses on best practice success factors such as policy and strategy, partnerships, places and spaces, community/social development, evaluation and monitoring and sustainability. The role of traditional sports clubs and local government in delivering social inclusion programs and the emerging provision of community based sport activities by community/social development organisations is detailed. The implications for sport management, in terms of community development, community sport development, and sport policy, are also discussed.
Within any organization (e.g. a hospital or clinic) the perception of the way things operate may vary dramatically as a function of one's location in the organizational hierarchy as well as one's professional discipline. Interorganizational variability depends on organizational coherence, safety, and stability. In this four-nation (Canada, Ireland, Australia, and Korea) qualitative study of 42 nurses, we explored their perception of how ethical decisions are made, the nurses' hospital role, and the extent to which their voices were heard. These nurses suggested that their voices were silenced (often voluntarily) or were not expressed in terms of ethical decision making. Finally, they perceived that their approach to ethical decision making differed from physicians.
The planning and design of golf course developments is influenced by many factors. This paper focuses on the environmental ramifications of insufficient or lack of compliance with standard environmental and economic planning practices. Specifically, it looks at a tourist destination location that was under the influence of extensive land development and investment speculation. The Gold Coast in Australia was the focal point for large overseas investment due to changes in government legislation regarding foreign investment. Due to the economic climate in the second half of the 1980s many golf course resort developments were built, approved, or planned. Many of these circumvented normal business and environment planning processes. The result has been a dangerous concentration of golf facilities in environmentally sensitive areas and an oversupply of golf facilities. Both of these matters are discussed in terms of the general planning process and the potential economic and environmental impacts to the Gold Coast and similar destinations in other parts of the world.
The nature and scope of volunteer involvement in sport is well established, however research indicates that involvement in community sport volunteering is under threat (Cuskelly, 2005; Cuskelly, Taylor, Hoye & Darcy, 2005). Trends indicate volunteer hours per individual are decreasing and this can have significant implications for the successful operation of voluntary sport organizations and the subsequent benefits for participants and the communities in which they operate. This paper extends knowledge of the nature of volunteer engagement in sport by exploring the categorization of sport volunteers as "core" or "peripheral" based on self-reported levels of involvement and commitment within Voluntary Sport Organizations (VSO). Using a survey of 243 sport volunteers across three sports, we identified significant differences between core and peripheral volunteers based on their levels of involvement and commitment in their selfidentified primary sport organization roles. Implications of these findings for volunteer recruitment and retention, and for the provision of sport participation opportunities in the community are addressed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.