Although the frequency of gay male parented families is increasing, little is known about child care responsibility in these families. A purposive and snowball-sampled, Internet-based survey of 76 gay male parented families who brought children into their families after the primary relationship had been formed were the study participants. A modified version of Cowan and Cowan's (1988) "Who Does What" measure was utilized to determine divisions of child care responsibility. It was determined that, to a statistically significant degree, fathers with greater child care responsibility made less money and had a greater desire to have a child before the arrival of the child. After the arrival of the child they also fulfill more of a "mothering role," make less money, and have lower career importance after the arrival of the child than their partners. These findings build upon the qualitatively derived knowledge of parenting responsibilities in these families by providing a quantitative lens for understanding a number of associations between parenting responsibilities and other factors in these fathers' lives.
There is evidence from the legislative, judicial, and counseling sectors that the sun is setting on therapies designed to change sexual orientation. Despite this evidence, there is also evidence that similar pseudoscientific interventions continue to be used in at least one other area-post-abortion counseling. The key factor shared by both interventions is their dependence on unvalidated explanations of behavior. In the case of changing the expression of sexual orientation, the harm at the personal and communal levels is clear. In the case of post-abortion counseling, the harm is hypothesized, and the reasons why a communal response is lacking in the post-abortion community are described. Steps clinicians can take to alleviate the probable harm caused by the use of unvalidated/unvalidatable interventions, with a particular emphasis on identifying and expunging culturally derived and oppressive interventions currently used, are delineated as clinical and social justice activities to reduce human suffering.
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