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All discoveries associated with phosphorus removal were first made in plants as accidental occurrences. Once observed, they were followed by laboratory and pilot scale work to be studied and explained. While the mechanism of biological phosphorus removal has been well researched and documented to the point where it is now possible to design a plant with a very reliable phosphorus removal process using formal flow sheets, biological phosphorus removal is still observed in a number of plants that have no designated anaerobic zone, which is considered essential for phosphorus removal. It was also not possible to model all these plants with standard simulation packages such as BioWin and GPS-X. This paper will discuss some of the background, and some case histories and applications, and present a simple postulation as to the mechanism and efforts at modeling the results.

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