Abstract. MeinataA, Na’iem M, Adriyanti DT, Syahbudin A. 2021. Short communication: Leaf architecture of 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes in Carita, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2952-2960. Dipterocarpaceae is a major commercial timber characterized by high unbranched bole, paired stipules, and winged fruit. The identification process in the family becomes problematic, in cases where the generative organ is absent. Therefore, a new approach needs to be established to address any misidentification leading to improper utilization. This study aims to determine the leaf architecture in 35 species of Dipterocarpaceae cultivated in Forest Area with Special Purposes (KHDTK) Carita, Banten, Indonesia. The ten leaf samples collected were the third and fourth leaves from terminal shoots of a single tree of each species. Subsequently, the data were observed and measured based on the 17 morphological characters. Each character was then scored and analyzed using multivariate analyses cluster to determine the relationship between species. Dipterocarpaceae generally has pinnate leaf category, geniculate petiole, and entire margin. Furthermore, the phenon line in the dendrogram is cut at 0.695 similarity level to establish meaningful interpretation. The 35 species observed were grouped into 4 major clusters. Small leaf group, inconsistent tertiary vein pattern group, symmetrical leaves with cordate base leaf group, and other groups that do not resemble mentioned characters. The key determination comprised 34 couplets with three characters repeated due to limited descriptors.
Acacia hybrid is an interspecific hybrid resulting from crossing between Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis either naturally or artificially. This study aimed to determine the morphological variation of artificial Acacia hybrid, obtained by full-diallel control crossing. Observed sample trees were clones at the clonal test, established in 2011 in Wonogiri, Central Java. Tree samples were taken by selecting clones categorized into the superior, intermediate, and inferior clones based on their growth at one year of age, with three different clones in each category. Parameters to be observed were morphological characters including quantitative (tree height, diameter breast height, bole length, phyllode length and phyllode width) and qualitative (stem form, stem straightness, bark type, bark color, phyllode shape, phyllode apex shape, conspicuousness of the main vein, and petiole color). The data quantitative and qualitative were then scored and analyzed using NCSS series 12 software for cluster analysis. The results showed that morphological characters of Acacia hybrid clones varied across the tree categories. Furthermore, the dendrogram showed that the characters of Acacia hybrid grouped into two clusters: Cluster A dominated by superior and most intermediate clones, and Cluster B dominated by inferior clones. The study result implies the use of morphological characters of Acacia hybrid to select the hybrid vigor in a breeding program.
TNGM melakukan restorasi pasca letusan dengan membuat demonstrasi plot (demplot) restorasi menggunakan jenis tanaman puspa (Schima wallichii), salam (Syzygium polyanthum), dan gayam (Inocarpus edulis) sebagai tanaman inti restorasi. Di saat yang sama, jenis asing Acacia deccurens yang muncul sejak erupsi tahun 2006 mendominasi dan merubah struktur serta komposisi jenis yang ada di kawasan pasca erupsi tahun 2010. Keberadaan A. decurrens yang melimpah dalam demplot diperkirakan mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman inti restorasi terutama dari penutupan tajuknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik pertumbuhan riap pohon A. decurrens pasca erupsi dan pengaruh naungan tajuk A. decurrens terhadap laju pertumbuhan tanaman restorasi. Demplot dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Blok Tidak Lengkap (Incomplete Block Design) dengan total sembilan blok dan masing-masing blok terdiri tiga plot tanaman berbeda, sedang jarak tanam dibuat 4 m x 5 m. Data yang diambil ialah diameter A. decurrens pada berbagai kriteria diameter untuk memperoleh riap pertumbuhan. Data lain yang diukur adalah tinggi dan diameter tanaman restorasipada kondisi ternaung >60% dan tidak ternaung <60%. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis R-statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon-paired test untuk mengetahui pengaruh naungan A. decurrens terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman restorasi. Hasil pengukuran dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa riap rata-rata diameter A. decurrens di dalam demplot sebesar 1,66 cm/tahun. Pada kelas diameter pohon <3,00 cm dan >10,00 cm mengalami perubahan yang cepat dibanding kelas diameter yang lain. Analisis wilcoxon-paired test menunjukkan bahwa tanaman gayam pada pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter dipengaruhi oleh kondisi naungan. Jenis puspa pertambahan tinggi tidak dipengaruhi oleh kondisi naungan, sedangkan pada pertambahan diameter kondisi naungan memiliki pengaruh. Jenis salam pada kondisi naungan >60% maupun <60% tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertambahan tinggi maupun diameter jenis salam.
Abstract. Rahayu S, Widiyatno, Adriyanti DT. 2020. Pathogenesis of gall-rust disease on Falcataria moluccana in areas affected by Mount Merapi eruption in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1310-1315. The gall rust pathogen Uromycladium falcatarium affects the fast-growing tree species Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) from seedling to mature stage producing galls on all its parts. Severe infestation causes tree mortality. There were two eruptions of the volcano at Mount Merapi, Java, Indonesia during October-November 2010 near to which Sengon is grown under community forests. This study, conducted in 2014, examined the implications of the volcanic eruptions on the incidence and severity of gall rust disease on Sengon trees growing in areas affected by the eruption. It revealed that the percentage infestation on seedlings caused by teliospores of U. falcatarium collected from areas close to Mount Merapi (3-7 km away-risky area) was significantly higher compared to those collected from trees 7.1-11 (are under alert) and 11.1-15 km (area under threat) away. The teilospores and galls collected from the ‘risky area’ also exhibited morphological variations. The gall rust incidence on different parts of the tree was significantly higher in the ‘risky’ area compared to trees growing in other areas. The incidence of the disease was close to 100% in the risky area but less than 80% in areas ‘under alert and under threat’. Overall, the data indicated that the incidence and severity of gall rust disease was significantly higher in areas close to the Mount Merapi apparently due to increased virulence of the pathogen and increased susceptibility of the trees due to damges caused by the eruption. Conducive environmental conditions such as high relative humidity and temperature in the area may also have favoured this situation. Artifical inoculations using teliospores collected from infected trees in the risky area, area under alert and under threat caused severe infection on seedlings.
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