Background: Aberrant patterns of microRNA expression have been highlighted as a potential clinical biomarker in breast cancer as the most frequent cancer among women that contributes nearly a quarter of total cancer incidence in 2018. Upregulation of microRNA-21 (miR-21) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in breast cancer. However, the use of circulating free miR-21 as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in breast cancer is not well established. We quantified the levels of circulating miR-21 expression and analyzed their correlation with clinicopathological variables and progression-free survival. Materials and Methods: This initial study included a cohort of 102 breast cancer patients of different subtypes and clinicat stages. We also included 15 unrelated healthy women. Venous blood from patients was collected at diagnosis and after treatment of surgery and chemotherapy. MiR-21 expression was quantified from total RNA fraction isolated from patient's plasma. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyzed miR-21 expression. Results: Expression of circulating miR-21 was significantly elevated in breast cancer patients compared to healthy women (median miR-21 expression levels were 7.67±2.2 and 1.28±0.16, respectively; p<0.0001). Significant reduction of miR-21 expression was observed in breast cancer patients after completion of surgery and chemotherapy (median miR-21 expression levels were 7.67±2.2 at diagnosis and 2.16±1.28 after treatment, respectively; p<0.0001). MiR-21 expression was higher in breast cancer patients younger than 40-year-old but was not significantly different according to different histopathological grades and clinical stages at diagnosis. Patients with upregulation of circulating miR-21 were associated with poor progression-free survival (median survival 72 vs 86 weeks, respectively; log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p=0.049). Conclusion: MiR-21 expression was upregulated in breast cancer patients and might serve as a therapeutic monitoring marker.
Background: Breast cancer incidence rates have been continuously increasing in majority nations with significant higher portion of cancer-related mortality in low-and middle-income countries. Developing new biomarker is an emerging field in the breast cancer research. Application of a promising minimally invasive biomarker, circulating microRNA, for additional improvement of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring in breast cancer is not well corroborated. Materials and Methods: To uncover the potential use of circulating miR-155 expression as a clinical biomarker in breast cancer, we analyzed 102 breast cancer patients at diagnosis and after treatment as well as 15 healthy women. Total RNA was isolated from patient's plasma and expression of circulating miR-155 was measured with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of circulating miR-155 were compared according to the effect of treatment, clinicopathological variables, and progression-free survival. Results: In comparison to the healthy women, expression of circulating miR-155 levels were significantly higher (medians were 18.49±19 and 1.28±0.18, respectively; p<0.0001). The expression levels of miR-155 were significantly diminished after patients completed surgery and chemotherapy (medians were 18.49±19 at diagnosis and 1.32±0.22 after treatment, respectively; p<0.0001). Patients older than 40 years old expressed higher circulating miR-155 than those younger than 40 years-old (medians were 28.92±22 and 4.19±2.49, respectively; p<0.0001). Circulating miR-155 was significantly higher in patients with tumors larger than 5 cm (44.27±2.6 vs 9.17±6.9, p=0.03). MiR-155 expression levels were not significantly different according to various tumor grades, subtypes, and clinical stages. Although longer follow-up is required, progression-free survivals of patients with upregulation of circulating miR-155 were significantly longer (mean survivals were 77 and 65 weeks, Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test p=0.038). Conclusion: Expression of circulating miR-155 expression was significantly elevated in breast cancer patients and was decreased after treatment. Therefore, circulating miR-155 is potentially applicable as diagnostic therapeutic monitoring marker in breast cancer.
Dental caries is a major problem in children's mouths that can be avoided if they are taught to take care of their teeth and gums from a young age. Elementary school age is ideal for instilling the habit of brushing teeth, and the school's role becomes increasingly important, one of which is the School Dental Health Centre (UKGS). The UKGS, on the other hand, has not been going well at four elementary schools in Karangtengah Village. As a result, a revitalization program for the UKGS is required. Counseling and toothbrushing movements, as well as dental and oral health checks, are all part of the UKGS revitalization program. The purpose of this program is to increase the knowledge of teachers and UKGS supervisors about UKGS and dental and oral health. This activity began with a pre-test followed by the presentation of UKGS revitalization material and ended with a post-test. This education is able to increase the knowledge of teachers and UKGS supervisors about UKGS and dental and oral health.
Imobilisasi mikrokapsul antibakteri minyak asiri Eucalyptus globulus pada kain kapas telah dilakukan dengan cara deep coating. Mikrokapsul yang berisi minyak asiri E. globulus dibuat dengan metode koaservasi kompleks menggunakan penyalut alginat-gelatin. Hasil pengukuran GC-MS terhadap minyak asiri E. globulus komersial menunjukkan komponen utamanya adalah isopropil miristat 63,69% dan 1,8-sineol sebesar 29,35%. Mikrokapsul dibuat dalam dua sampel, yang dibedakan dari penggunaan minyak asiri E. globulus dalam Sampel I yakni 4 g dan Sampel II yakni 6 g.
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