The development of information technology has reached into various fields, such as education. The emergence of e-learning is one manifestation of information and communication technology (ICT) in education. Until recently, only a few universities (6%) have implemented e-learning in Indonesia. Those that have implemented e-learning are still not optimally utilized. Some experts have also warned all organizations that will adopt e-learning to be concerned with thorough preparation to avoid overruns in costs. There is a method that consists of factors to measure the level of readiness of tertiary institutions towards the implementation of e-learning. The level of readiness is obtained through the distribution of questionnaires using 5 Likert scales. This research proposed a framework that produces four factors from the university, which covers the lecturer’s characteristics, e-learning facilities, learning environment, learning management, and four factors from the student’s side, namely, self-learning, motivation, learner’s control, student’s characteristic. The measurement results show the level of readiness for e-learning implementation in tertiary institutions in Central Java Province reaches level 3 or ready but needs a few improvements. Improvements that must be made includes (1) Designing exciting learning content through interactive multimedia; (2) Increasing the frequency of e-workshops or e-training related to technological developments, especially to e-learning; (3) encouraging students to be more active in discussions and giving opinions; (4) Developing plans related to infrastructure such as servers related to their capacities; (5) strengthening the role of IT units in serving e-learning users.
Online learning is the main learning system amid government policies that have closed face-to-face learning activities as a result of the emergence of Covid-19. Based on pre-study data, it shows that the obstacles that interfere with the learning process are learning content that is less attractive, internet networks that are less supportive, and inadequate digital devices. In the communication aspect, problems that arise, such as students who cannot ask questions directly to lecturers, and online learning which is not as interactive as face-to-face learning. Meanwhile, from the aspect of the E-Learning System, the problems that arise are the content, content, or appearance that is less attractive and interactive, information that is not optimal, not up-to-date, and E-Learning is less stable. This research was conducted to analyze the role of online learning, communication, and E-Learning systems on learning motivation. The approach is carried out using quantitative methods and processed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). As a result, it was found that the facilities and knowledge of the teacher had a significant positive effect on students' learning motivation with p-values of 0.00.
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