Unbranded palm cooking oil has been fortified for several years and can be found in the market with different oxidation levels. This study aimed to investigate the stability and shelf life of unbranded, bulk, vitamin A-fortified palm oils with the most commonly observed oxidation levels in Indonesia. Three types of cooking oils were tested: (i) cooking oil with a peroxide value (PV) below 2 mEq O2/kg (PO1); (ii) cooking oil with a PV around 4 mEq O2/kg (PO2); and (iii) cooking oil with a PV around 9 mEq O2/kg (PO3). The oil shelf life was determined by using accelerated shelf life testing (ASLT), where the product was stored at 60, 75 and 90 °C, and then PV, free fatty acid and vitamin A concentration in the oil samples were measured. The results showed that PO1 had a shelf life of between 2–3 months, while PO2’s shelf life was a few weeks and PO3’s only a few days. Even given those varying shelf lives, the vitamin A loss in the oils was still acceptable, at around 10%. However, the short shelf life of highly oxidized cooking oil, such as PO3, might negatively impact health, due to the potential increase of free radicals of the lipid peroxidation in the oil. Based on the results, the Indonesian government should prohibit the sale of highly-oxidized cooking oil. In addition, government authorities should promote and endorse the fortification of only cooking oil with low peroxide levels to ensure that fortification is not associated with any health issues associated with high oxidation levels of the cooking oil.
Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kopi terbesar setelah Brazil dan Vietnam, dimana sebagian besar kopi yang diekspor merupakan jenis kopi robusta. Provinsi Bengkulu termasuk tiga besar produsen kopi Indonesia dengan luas areal 91.434 ha dan produksi 55.845 ton. Produsen kopi terbesar di Indonesia adalah Provinsi Lampung dengan luas areal 162.342 dan produksi 145.025 ton, disusul Sumatera Selatan dengan luas areal 256.138 dan produksi 138.385 ton.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi auksin terhadap pertumbuhan sambungan pada tanaman kopi robusta. Konsentrasi auksin 500 ppm pada tanaman kopi akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan sambungan kopi robusta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) penelitian ini menggunakan auksin yang terdiridari 4 konsentrasi auksin 0, 250, 500, 750, ppm dan di ulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga di perlukantanaman 16 unit percobaan.Penyambungan antara tunas batang dengan cabang dari pohon kopi yang lain, dimana tunas menjadi bagian bawah dan cabang menjadi bagian atas, sehingga setelah berkembang akan membentuk pohon kopi seperti payung, tujuan dari penyambungan ini untuk meremajakan dan meningkatkan produksi buah dari pohon kopiitusendiri.Kopi sambung ini akan memanfaatkan tunas muda pada kopi, atau dengan kata lain peremajaan hingga kopi dapat berbuah terus. Penyambungan merupakan salah satu teknik penyambungan tanaman secara vegetatif, yaitu menggabungkan dua tanaman yang berbeda sehingga bersatu dan tumbuh menjadi satu tanaman baru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dengan menggunakan auksin alami belum berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase tumbuh, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, dan diameter batang. Pemberian auksin alami 750 ppm menunjukkan belum berpengaruh nyata Dari penelitian ini di sarankan untuk menggunakan auksin alami lebih dari 750 ppm ..Kata kunci :sambungan, kopi, danauksin.
Deterioriation of palm oil fortified with vitamin A and provitamin A could b e caused b y the presence of oxygen and light exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the initial peroxide value (PV) in palm oil (1.99, 3.98, and 9.95 meq O2/kg oil) and light intensity (15000, 10000, and 5000 lux) on the rate of oxidation and the shelf life of palm oil fortified with Red Palm Oil (RPO) equal to 45 IU vitamin A. The RPO contained β-carotene as provitamin A in the amount of 504.67 ppm. The PV and free fatty acid (FFA) content were ob served as the parameters of oil deterioriation during storage. The results showed that the rate of PV was influenced b y light intensity, while the rate of FFA formation were more influenced b y the amount of initial PV in the oil. Based on the palm oil standard quality for PV (SNI 7709: 2012), the shelf life of palm oil with the lowest initial PV at amb ient temperature was 9.5 days, while that with the highest PV was 1.32 hours. The deterioration rate of RPO fortified palm oil due to light exposure was also compared with its deterioration rate due to heat and the deterioration rate of palm oil fortified with vitamin A. The shelf life of vitamin A fortified palm oil stored in the dark was 90.67 days, while RPO fortified palm oil was 68.12 days. This shelf life results showed that RPO had a potency as provitamin A fortificant for palm oil as long as it is stored in a closed container in the dark.
Pembibitan kopi sering dihadapkan dengan masa dormansi biji kopi yang disebabkan oleh kulit ari biji kopi yang keras. Kalium nitrat (KNO3) dapat melunakkan kulit biji dan mempermudah air masuk ke dalam biji, sehingga mempercepat proses metabolisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dan konsentrasi kalium nitrat (KNO3) terhadap pematahan masa dormansi biji kopi robusta. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL-F), dengan faktor pertama lama perendaman (L) yang terdiri atas tiga taraf meliputi 12 jam (L1), 24 jam (L2), 36 jam (L3) dan faktor kedua konsentrasi KNO3 (K) yang terdiri atas 4 taraf meliputi 0% (K0), 0.5% (K1), 1.0% (K2) dan 1.5% (K3). Faktor lama perendaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecambah normal (biji), kecambah abnormal (biji), daya berkecambah (%), potensi tumbuh maksimum (%), waktu berkecambah (hr). Faktor konsentrasi KNO3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecambah normal (biji), kecambah abnormal (biji), daya berkecambah (%), potensi tumbuh maksimum (%) dan waktu berkecambah (hr). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara lama perendaman (L) dan konsentrasi kalium nitrat (K) terhadap efektivitas pematahan masa dormansi biji kopi robusta.Kata kunci : dormansi, lama perendaman, konsentrasi, kalium nitrat, robusta.
This study aims to find out how much fiscal independence in Jayapura Regency is by looking at how the development of regional income and how the level of fiscal independence in Jayapura Regency. To see how much the level of fiscal independence in Jayapura regency, the author uses financial independence analysis. One of the most highlighted and most influential decentralization in the development of regional development is fiscal decentralization which is the most important part in the implementation of regional autonomy. Fiscal policy is basically a government instrument or instrument that plays an important role in the economic system, which is useful to encourage economic growth, expand the basis of economic activity in various sectors, and specifically expand employment to reduce unemployment Based on the analysis obtained the description of the Jayapura District Fiscal Independence Level in the level of achievement of targets from 2012 - 2016 the level of achievement has not been able to achieve the expected target such as regional revenues that have not been fully realized well and the level of independence of the region which is in the position of an instructive pattern because of several problems faced by the Jayapura Regency Government itself.
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