The paper examines the impact of capital structure in the context of foreign ownership on firm performance on non-financial companies in Vietnam between 2008 and 2018. The study employs Pooled OLS, Fixed effect, random effect, and Generalized Least Square to analyze the data. The study finds a non-linear relationship of foreign ownership and firm performance, so that the relationship, which is at first a positive one, becomes negative beyond a certain level of foreign ownership (30-45% ownership depending on the measure of performance). This insight is then combined with a generally inverse relationship between capital structure and performance. Besides, we find that the firm’s size (SIZE) has a positive influence on profitability and financial leverage, while both financial leverage (LEV) and the number of listed years of company (AGE) impact negatively on firm performance. Furthermore, growth of sales (GROWTH) has a positive effect on the debt ratio, and growth rate (GDP) has a negative effect on financial leverage. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) are a significant issue for all banks in Vietnam, attracting considerable attention from scholars. Our research aims to nd out the factors that affect the NPLs of Vietnamese commercial banks. The study uses Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Fixed effect, Random effect, and Generalized Least Square to examine secondary data of 28 commercial banks annually for the period 2008-2019. Consistent with previous research, the main finding shows that macroeconomic and microeconomic factors impact NPLs. Remarkably, provision for credit risk (PCR) has a significantly positive effect on the NPL ratio. Besides, foreign investor ownership (FOR) and bank size (SIZE) negatively affect the NPL ratio. Especially, for the positive correlation between foreign investor ownership and bank performance, the commercial bank should expand to enhance operational efficiency. Regarding macro factors, the results conclude that gross domestic product (GDP) growth and the unemployment rate (UEP) have a significantly negative relationship on NPLs. Therefore, the State Bank of Vietnam and the banks need to understand the leading causes as they directly relate to the banks in the context of the prevailing economic environment.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
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