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Produced by magnetic material dispersed in a viscous environment for the purpose of collecting and converting energy, magnetic rheological compounds greatly strengthen the development of skin-attachable and wearable electrical equipment. Given that magnetic nanomaterial anisotropy has a substantial influence on the interface polarizing of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), it is critical to explore the function of magnetic polymer compounds in the triboelectric layer of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) output power. In this study, ferromagnetic cobalt ferrite, CoFe2O4 (CFO), nanoparticles, and PVDF were employed to create a triboelectric composite membrane to improve TENG energy output. The content of β phase in PVDF increased significantly from 51.2% of pure PVDF membrane to 77.7% of 5 wt% CFO nanoparticles in the PVDF matrix, which further increase the dielectric constant and negative charge of the membrane. As a consequence, the energy output of CFO/PVDF-5 TENG increased significantly with a voltage of 17.2 V, a current of 2.27 μA, and a power density of 90.3 mW/m2, which is 2.4 times the performance of pure PVDF TENG. Finally, the proposal for TENG hopes that its extraordinary stability and durability will provide additional views on hydrodynamic power generation in the future.

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Over the past few years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising devices for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing owing to their miniaturized structural design, lack of material limitation, high stability, and ecofriendly nature. In this study, the membrane consisting of poly(vinylidene fluorideco-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and ionic liquid (PIL) is fabricated as triboelectric material, namely PIL membrane. To further improve the hydrophobicity of the membrane and the output performance of the TENG, different PIL membranes are prepared using various IL concentrations and their structures are modified using the evaporation phase inversion technique. The PIL membranes with nanoporous structures and strong hydrophobicity are synthesized by blade coating and bent to generate circular tube shapes for use in PIL-TENG cells. Therefore, the PIL-TENG has a high output performance owing to the availability of more ions through the establishment of an electrical double layer and an increase in electronegativity properties by doping with more fluoride atoms. Under optimal conditions, a nanoporous PIL-TENG of 10 wt.% ionic liquid exhibited the maximum peak-to-peak with an output voltage of 16.95 V and current of 2.56 μA. Especially, the instantaneous peak power density of the PIL-TENG reached the highest value of 26.1 mW/m 2 , which was 212% higher than that of the pristine PVDF-HFP TENG (P-TENG). In this manner, a new material for the triboelectric layer is presented to effectively improve the output performance, stability, and durability of TENGs, which are promising for use in practical applications related to harvesting hydrokinetic energy, self-powered sensors, and other applications.

Liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has received much attention as a promising electricity generation mechanism for renewable energy sources and self-powered electronic devices. Thus, enhancing TENG performance is a critical issue to be concerned for both practical and industrial applications.Hence, in this study, for the first time, the liquid-solid TENG based on functionalized graphene oxide (F-GO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes containing various F-GO concentrations were fabricated using the blade coating process. The surface of GO nanosheets was functionalized through covalent graft by using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FOTS). As indicated in FE-SEM images, the miscibility of the F-GO containing fluorine group in PVDF was effectively improved, which was created favorable conditions for PVDF crystallization and β phase configuration. Thus, the dielectric and polarization characteristics of the F-GO/PVDF membranes were greatly improved, eventuating in a rise in the output performance of F-GO/PVDF-based TENG. As a consequence, the F-GO/PVDF TENG generates 0.14 mW of output power from a single water droplet, which is 7 times more than PVDF TENG and 1.8 times higher than GO/PVDF TENG. It is proved the addition of functionalized GO nanosheets in PVDF is very effective for hydropower energy harvesting based on liquid-solid TENG.