Enhancing the output performance of fluid‐based triboelectric nanogenerator by using poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/ionic liquid nanoporous membrane

Abstract

Over the past few years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising devices for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing owing to their miniaturized structural design, lack of material limitation, high stability, and ecofriendly nature. In this study, the membrane consisting of poly(vinylidene fluorideco-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and ionic liquid (PIL) is fabricated as triboelectric material, namely PIL membrane. To further improve the hydrophobicity of the membrane and the output performance of the TENG, different PIL membranes are prepared using various IL concentrations and their structures are modified using the evaporation phase inversion technique. The PIL membranes with nanoporous structures and strong hydrophobicity are synthesized by blade coating and bent to generate circular tube shapes for use in PIL-TENG cells. Therefore, the PIL-TENG has a high output performance owing to the availability of more ions through the establishment of an electrical double layer and an increase in electronegativity properties by doping with more fluoride atoms. Under optimal conditions, a nanoporous PIL-TENG of 10 wt.% ionic liquid exhibited the maximum peak-to-peak with an output voltage of 16.95 V and current of 2.56 μA. Especially, the instantaneous peak power density of the PIL-TENG reached the highest value of 26.1 mW/m 2 , which was 212% higher than that of the pristine PVDF-HFP TENG (P-TENG). In this manner, a new material for the triboelectric layer is presented to effectively improve the output performance, stability, and durability of TENGs, which are promising for use in practical applications related to harvesting hydrokinetic energy, self-powered sensors, and other applications.

High‐Efficiency Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐Co‐Hexafluoropropylene) Loaded 3D Marigold Flower‐Like Bismuth Tungstate Triboelectric Films for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications

“…PVDF-HFP is also an appropriate candidate for ferroelectric/piezoelectric and triboelectric applications due to its ultra-flexibility, robustness, lightweight, and low cost as well as the easy-fabrication process. [53,54] Owing to these various advantages, the synthesized BWO marigold flower-like materials were embedded in PVDF-HFP polymer to form a PVDF-HFP/BWO CPF-based TENG device. The PVDF-HFP/BWO CPF showed a very high polar crystalline β-phase formation, high piezoelectric coefficient, and high relative permittivity after loading BWO filler.…”

Functionalized graphene oxide/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane acting as a triboelectric layer for hydropower energy harvesting

“…Moreover, the flexible and flowing properties of water could readily gain full contact with solid surfaces and have high wear resistance. [17][18][19] However, due to the limitations of materials that made liquid-solid TENGs, their triboelectrification current, and output power are still weak, restricting their use in a wide variety of applications.…”

“…Besides solid‐solid triboelectrification, liquid‐solid triboelectrification, particularly water‐solid triboelectrification, which can be found in rain, rivers, oceans, has shown great promise owing to its stability and durability. Moreover, the flexible and flowing properties of water could readily gain full contact with solid surfaces and have high wear resistance 17‐19 . However, due to the limitations of materials that made liquid‐solid TENGs, their triboelectrification current, and output power are still weak, restricting their use in a wide variety of applications.…”

Polyvinylidene Fluoride Surface Polarization Enhancement for Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Application

“…Moreover, many studies have effectively proved the increase in transfer charge by fabricating superhydrophobic films. It is possible to conclude that the output performance of TENG is increased through the above strategies, however, they require complex additional conditions, such as high electric field, high-temperature process, high technology equipment [ 33 , 34 ]…”