Although most software engineers have access to various modeling tools, they often use paper and pencil to sketch ideas and to support modeling activities. This is particularly true when they are working in the field, for example gathering requirements from stakeholders. Sketches documented on paper very often need to be re-modeled in order to allow further processing -an error-prone and timeconsuming task. The aim of our work is to better integrate these early sketching and modeling activities into the overall software engineering process. We have prototyped FlexiSketch, a mobile application that supports freeform, flexible, in-situ modeling and allows software engineers to annotate their models. Apart from the application and the underlying conceptual solution we also present the results of initial experiments. Those suggest that the tool supports freeform sketching similar to paper and pencil, and that practitioners would be willing to use a tool like FlexiSketch in their daily work. Abstract. Although most software engineers have access to various modeling tools, they often use paper and pencil to sketch ideas and to support modeling activities. This is particularly true when they are working in the field, for example gathering requirements from stakeholders. Sketches documented on paper very often need to be re-modeled in order to allow further processing -an error-prone and time-consuming task. The aim of our work is to better integrate these early sketching and modeling activities into the overall software engineering process. We have prototyped FlexiSketch, a mobile application that supports freeform, flexible, in-situ modeling and allows software engineers to annotate their models. Apart from the application and the underlying conceptual solution we also present the results of initial experiments. Those suggest that the tool supports freeform sketching similar to paper and pencil, and that practitioners would be willing to use a tool like FlexiSketch in their daily work.
1. Model compounds of the type p-n-alkylbenzene sulphonates, p-n-alkylbenzoic acids and phenylcarboxylic acids were tested for biodegradability. Bioassays were performed with unadapted mixed cultures (soil suspensions) using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) screening test. 2. Degradation was measured by dissolved organic carbon analysis and g.l.c. or h.p.l.c. 3. p-n-Alkylbenzene sulphonates were resistant to microbial attack. The carboxylated compounds with analogous structures, however, with one exception, were easily decomposed. 4. The results indicate that the persistent character of p-n-alkylbenzene sulphonates is mainly due to the sulphonic substituent.
To validate developers' ideas of what users might want and to understand user needs, it has been proposed to collect and combine system monitoring with user feedback. [Question/problem] So far, the monitoring data and feedback have been collected passively, hoping for the users to get active when problems emerge. This approach leaves unexplored opportunities for system improvement when users are also passive or do not know that they are invited to offer feedback. [Principal ideas/results] In this paper, we show how we have used goal monitors to identify interesting situations of system use and let a system autonomously elicit user feedback in these situations. We have used a monitor to detect interesting situations in the use of a system and issued automated requests for user feedback to interpret the monitoring observations from the users' perspectives. [Contribution] The paper describes the implementation of our approach in a Smart City system and reports our results and experiences. It shows that combining system monitoring with proactive, autonomous feedback collection was useful and surfaced knowledge of system use that was relevant for system maintenance and evolution. The results were helpful for the city to adapt and improve the Smart City application and to maintain their internet-of-things deployment of sensors.
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