Assessments of sewer systems are key tools in verification of sewer hydraulic capacity. Rain sewers and combined sewers are most susceptible regarding system overload and so while assessing them; proper choice of design rainfall is inevitable. The calculation of design rainfall is time-consuming and inefficient and that was the reason that leads to development of design rainfall analysis tool in order to minimize the length of the calculation process of design rainfall. The tool incorporates calculation of design rainfall depending on the specified area of interest within Slovakia and chosen periodicity, allows block rain, reduced block rain and synthetic rain to be calculated with the possibility of their mutual comparison, and also serves to generate background data for further use in form of portable document format and excel files.
Reverse logistics is one of the main processes for the realization of the circular economy. The aim is ensuring the material recovery of waste through its re-use or recycling in a way that is environmentally friendly and economically interesting. The municipality is responsible for the waste management of municipal waste streams. This paper deals with an efficiency of municipal expenditures dedicated to waste management from the expenditures allocated for environmental protection and the achievement of waste management objectives.
Results of an urban runoff monitoring program are presented. Combined sewer overflow (CSO) samples were analysed for suspended solids (SS), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni), nitrogen compounds, biological and microbiological constituents. Study results indicate that CSOs largely contribute to the organic pollution of the local receiving streams. Cumulative pollution impacts were caused by sedimentation of suspended solids in the waste water treatment plant effluent discharged throughout the year. However, comparison of the various pollution sources indicated that pollution problems in the receiving waters were caused not only by the municipal effluents from the Town of Malacky, but also by diffuse, agricultural pollution characterised by elevated loads of nutrients (N and P), as well as by release of heavy metals (mainly Zn) from the surrounding area.
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