Jet engines with boundary layer ingestion (BLI) could offer significant reductions in aircraft fuel burn compared with podded turbofans. However, the engine fans must run continuously with severe inlet distortion, which is known to reduce stability. In this paper, an experimental study has been completed on a low-speed rig fan operating with a BLI-type inlet distortion. Unsteady casing static pressure measurements have been made at multiple locations during stall events. Steady-state, full-annulus area traverses have also been performed at rotor inlet and exit at a near-stall operating point. The reduction in stability caused by BLI is found to be small. It is found that with BLI the fan can operate stably despite the presence of localized regions where the rotor operating point lies beyond the stability boundary measured in clean flow. With the BLI-type distortion applied, the measured rotor incidence varies around the annulus due to nonuniform upstream velocity and swirl. The measured amplitude of unsteady casing pressure fluctuations just prior to stall is found to correlate with the circumferential variation of rotor incidence, suggesting that rotor incidence is a key variable affecting the creation and growth of flow disturbances. In regions of high incidence, disturbances resembling local flow separations are initiated. However, in regions of low or negative incidence, any disturbances decay rapidly. Full rotating stall with BLI occurs when high incidence regions are widespread enough to sustain disturbances which can propagate around the entire annulus.
Research question: The paper investigated whether a possibility for improving eco – efficiency of BSEC member states exists. Motivation: BSEC member states are primarily oriented towards accomplishing various economic goals, and they are very successful in this area. On the other hand, sustainability issue is still one of major problems for these states, since all BSEC member states do not pay full attention to sustainable development. Also, there are no quality researches that provide deeper analysis of sustainability issues for BSEC member states and so the goal research was to explore if there exists any link between factors that have impact on eco – efficiency of BSEC member states in order to provide sustainable solutions for BSEC member states. Idea: The core idea of this paper was to empirically evaluate the relationship between some factors that have impact on eco – efficiency on BSEC member states, but also to test the implementation of Ehrlich and Holdren equation on the BSEC member states. Data: Analysis was conducted for all 12 BSEC member states using data from several databases such as: IEA, Trading Economics and World Bank. Time series for analyzed data starts in 1995 and ends in 2015. Tools: Statistical analysis of all collected data (descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, linear regression analysis and panel data analysis) was used to draw conclusions between the analyzed variables and check if they have statistical evaluation. Findings: The results showed that full implementation of Ehrlich and Holdren equation among the BSEC member states is not possible due to social aspect of equation. Analysis also suggest that gasoline prices, CO2 emissions and renewable resources should become vital part of future sustainable strategies for the BSEC member states, since all these variables have strong impact on eco – efficiency of the BSEC member states. Contribution: The paper expands existing research literature by providing detailed sustainable development analysis of the BSEC region, since there were no so many sustainability analysis of BSEC region like this in the past.
The paper investigates how business costs affect sustainable development policies of world’s leading automotive producers. The core idea of the paper is to determine if business strategies have any effect on the three sustainable development pillars of world’s leading automotive producers. The analysis involves the period of 2006 – 2017 with world’s top 15 automotive producers from three different continents. In this paper, the use of fixed effects model will help in analyzing automotive producer’s efforts to achieve sustainable development goals with particular analysis of economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainable development in automotive industry. The result showed that economic pillar of sustainable development is more affected by business policy than other two, yet those not so strongly and significantly. This kind of research might contribute in conceptualizing new, efficient and effective business strategies for automotive producers in their attempt to achieve sustainable development goals as soon as possible
The aim of the paper is to show how last global financial crisis changed the way of managing monetary policy and what were the consequences of a long time passive behaviour of central banks. Evolutionary characteristics of monetary and real shocks have changed the traditional way of understanding crisis and it brought huge changes in modern monetary policies implementation. The starting hypothesis in this paper is that common monetary measures are not sufficient for solving crisis. This hypothesis will be tested through the analysis of FED, ECB and BoJ monetary actions during the crisis with the use of comparative-analytic method.
In last few decades the significance of sustainable development is recognized by many international and public institutions. Climate changes and more frequent environmental degradation have influenced human awareness that their life and business style can seriously affect the quality of the environment, and therefore the future of the whole humanity. Developed countries have recognized the importance of sustainable development concept, but on the other side, developing countries still lag behind regarding the implementation of the sustainable development concept in all segments of society. Serbia and its neighbors are still at the beginning of implementation of the sustainable development concept, but through specific indicators the implementation of the sustainable development strategy can be successfully measured.
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