White poplar is a key species in wood production and afforestation, but also very important for biodiversity preservation and habitat improvement. Vegetative propagation from hardwood cuttings is the most desirable method of white poplar breeding. The present research analyzed the effect of various technological treatments on four white poplar clones. Selected treatments were powder formulations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and foliar treatment with urea. The variability of 14 morphometric characteristics on the rooting of cuttings was analyzed, as well as relationships between them. Differences in analyzed morphometric characteristics depended on genotype, while the effect of the examined technological treatments was detected only by Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test. Significant variability between genotypes was found for traits describing rooting at the basal cut (R0 and R0p), the number of leaves (LN), the total number of roots (TRN), and cutting survival in the first part of the growing season (SURV07). Application of IBA had significant stimulating effects on rooting at the lower part of cuttings (R05) compared to controls. Variability between genotypes after foliar treatment with urea was not detected. The examined parameters were grouped into 5 groups by principal component analysis, where shoot traits and traits that describe rooting at the basal cut were in the same group with total number of roots, and cutting survival (SURV07) was in a separate group. These results suggest a need for further testing of the characteristics of hardwood cuttings in white poplars. More efficient clone technology is needed, using auxins and/or nitrogen fertilization designed to suit the specific requirements of particular clones.
Understory vegetation diversity and composition is largely influenced by the identity and composition of tree species, due to their dominant position in forests and their impact on various ecological gradients [1-3]. Therefore, tree species composition and diversity are considered a biodiversity indicator [4]. Conifer reforestation, if applied to a deciduous tree-species stand, causes a whole network of changes on different levels of the forest ecosystem structure and functionality. According to Nihlgård [5], the pedo
Извод: У овом раду је у двогодишњем расадничком тесту праћена морфолошка варијабилност аутохтоних нерегистрованих експерименталних клонова L-12, L-80 и L-100 беле тополе и регистрованог референтног клона Villafranca. Најбољи пријем резница и преживљавање ожиљеница током два вегетациона периода установљени су код клона L-12. Висина ожиљеница овог клона била је приближна висини ожиљеница клона Villafranca на крају првог вегетационог периода (ожиљенице типа 1/1), и нешто мања на крају другог вегетационог периода (ожиљенице типа 1/2). Клонови L-12 и Villafranca, који су се разликовали у пречнику на 10 cm од основе изданка током обе године, одликовали су се највећим вредностима пречника ожиљеница оба типа. Чеповање је имало највећи позитиван ефекат на повећање висине и пречника код клона L-100, док је за производњу квалитетних ожиљеница клона L-80 неопходна даља оптимизација.
White poplar nursery production is mainly based on vegetative propagation hardwood cuttings. In this study the reaction of three clones of white poplar (Populus alba L.) on term of cuttings' preparation and planting according to parameters of survival and growth of rooted cuttings in three nurseries in Northern part of Serbia. There were two terms of cuttings' preparation and planting examined: a) mid-March and d) the beginning of April (standard term). Obtained results suggest considerable differences between nurseries and between examined terms. Differences between clones were not significant, but there were found significant effects of interactions of factor Clone with other two main sources of variation. The best results were obtained by cuttings that were prepared and planted in mid-March, due to faster growth and survival of rooted cuttings. The positive effect of the earlier term is evident particularly in clones L-12 and L-80 and enable feasible production of rooted cuttings of these clones, especially in nurseries that obtained better conditions. Results obtained in this study suggest that influence of terms of cuttings' production and planting is important issue concerning introduction of clones with relatively poor rooting capacity, optimization of nursery technology of experimental white poplar clones, and improvement of white poplar nursery production in general.
Koviljski Rit is located along the left bank of the Danube River, between the villages of Kovilj and Gardinovci. It is a rare example of pristine nature, where the original features of a swamp biotope are preserved. Because of its exceptional natural value, Koviljski Rit, along with the swamp in Petrovaradin, has been under the protection of the Republic of Serbia since 1998, when it was proclaimed a Special Nature Reserve of the first category. Natural vegetation found in Koviljski Rit includes woodlands composed of willow and poplar. The majority of the reserve consists of forest plantations (55.6%), which include habitats influenced by human activities. Based on DCA (Detrended correspondence analysis) of forest vegetation in Koviljski Rit, there is a high degree of similarity between natural populations of white willow and stands of anthropogenic origin. However, in contrast, the same analysis indicates clear differences between natural and artificial poplar stands. Moreover, depending on whether they were planted in temporary or permanent flood plain habitats, significant differences are evident in the floristic structures of Euro-American poplar forests. Ecological conditions in habitats of white and Euro-American poplar (Populus x euroamericana/Dode/ Guinier) communities were found to be more similar with respect to illumination and soil humidity. However, more importantly, the anthropogenic forests recorded the lowest diversity as a result of regular thinning and measures implemented through forest management. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 43002: Biosensing technologies and global system for continuous research and integrated management of ecosystems and Grant, no. 31,041th: Forest plantations as a way to increase reforestation in Serbia]
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