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The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located at the sella turcica and has major impacts on the hormonal balance of human body which is regulated by the inputs received from hypothalamus. Hypophysis is composed of two main structures, which are responsible for the secretion of different hormones. These cells with different functions are derived from special pituitary stem cells (PSCs) during the embryogenesis. It is a well-established fact that the stem cells are a potential treatment option for the treatment of a wide spectrum of pathologies. Integration of PSCs to the treatment approaches requires a lot of investigation related to the biological properties of these highly capable cells. Therefore, the goal of our review article is to summarize and present the latest findings concerning PSCs. The following article focuses on the anatomy and the cells of the pituitary, and the possible stem cells of the gland.The stem cell candidates discussed in detail are Folliculostellate cells, Follicular cells, Marginal cells, Side population cells, Pituitary colony-forming cells, SOX2+ cell population and GFRa2/Prop1/Stem cells. We strongly believe that our review concerning the aforementioned topics provides detailed information for the researchers and physicians working on pituitary pathologies and PSCs.

The hypophysis is a pea-sized gland located in the sella turcica. The gland's primary function is to regulate the hormonal activity, which is controlled by the outputs received from the hypothalamus. These highly capable cells are derived from pituitary stem cells (PSCs) during the embryogenesis. The previous articles prove that the stem cells are a potential treatment option for a wide spectrum of pathologies. However, it is also undeniable that more research must be done to improve our knowledge of PSCs and to integrate PSCs into our treatment strategies. Our article summarizes and presents the latest findings regarding the biological properties of PSCs. The following review letter focuses on the stemness markers in the pituitary, the differences between the neonatal and adult hypophysis, biologic properties of pituitary diseases, latest approaches, and future aspects of PSCs. The discussed stem cell markers are SOX2,