Different types of nutritional unbalances, including also low levels of plant available phosphorus (P), are often limiting factor of soil fertility in Croatia and in countries of the region, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Aim of this study was survey our recent investigations (eight stationary field experiments) of maize, soybean, wheat and barley responses to ameliorative P fertilization up to different levels (depending on the trial up to from 825 to 1580 kg P2O5 ha -1 ). Either MAP (monammonium phosphate: 12% N + 52% P2O5) or triplephosphate (45% P2O5) were used as source of P. Selection of soil was made based on the previous soil test. In spite of low levels of available P (ammonium lactate method: below 10 mg P2O5 100 g -1 of soil), response of the field crops to applied fertilization in four experiments in Croatia was mainly moderate or without significant differences. However, in B&H by using the rate of 1580 kg P2O5 ha -1 maize yields were increased depending on year in municipality Kozarska Dubica from 16 to 40%, Gradiska from 8 to 38%, and in Laktasi from 6 to 18% Also, by using 975 kg P2O5 ha -1 soybean yield in Odzak municipality was increased for 20%. In general, year effect (weather characteristics) was the most influencing factor of yields in our investigations. We presume that ammonium-lactate method is not suitable as criterion of P supplies in all tested soils. From other side, majority of tested soils have additional soil fertility limitations as low pH or unfavorable physical properties.
The research results of the spraying technical factors' impact on ground and air drift, and the deposit on the treetop in cherry orchards, are presented in the paper. Two different spraying systems (classical and sensory system) are investigated, Agromehanika AGP 200 ENU sprayer being used. The research is conducted according to ISO standard 22866 (Plant Protection Equipment-Drift Measurement Methods in Field Conditions). The impact of spraying norm as factor A (A1-250 l/ha; A2-200 l/ha); the nozzle type as factor B (B1-Lechler TR 8002 C; B2-Lechler ITR 8002 C) and the fan air velocity as factor C (C1-18 m/s; C2-12 m/s) are examined by the variance analysis. To spray and evaluate the drift, Tartazine organic dye solution with 4% concentration is used. The filter papers, used as collectors, according to the specified ISO standard, are placed directly in the spraying zone. The sampled filter papers are washed out with 10 ml of deionised water under laboratory conditions. After washing, the colour intensity, i.e., the solution wavelength , is read by a spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 50 UV-Visible). Different drift intensity (ground and air drift) and treetop deposits are realized by the usage of various treatments of technical spraying factors and various spraying systems. Unlike the ground and air drifts, the deposit within the treetop does not show statistically significant change by using a sensory spraying system, i.e. by using a selective application.
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