A B S T R A C T Estuaries are known to contribute a significant amount of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to the atmosphere; however, the contribution from the Indian estuaries is unknown. We made an attempt to estimate emissions of N 2 O from the Indian estuaries by collecting samples from 28 major and minor estuaries along the Indian coast during the wet and dry periods. The N 2 O was mostly saturated in all measured Indian estuaries during the study period (72Á631%), with exceptionally high saturation in the Ponniyaar estuary (5902%) during the wet period. The N 2 O saturation displayed a strong relation with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; nitrate ' nitrite and ammonium), ammonium and dissolved oxygen saturation, suggesting that nitrification is the major source of N 2 O in the Indian estuaries. The negative relation between salinity and N 2 O saturation suggests inner estuaries are a strong source compared to outer estuaries. The annual mean N 2 O saturation (2049137%) and fluxes (1.3 mmol N 2 O m (2 d (1 ) in the Indian estuaries were significantly less than European estuaries (271% andThe estimation of flux of N 2 O from the European estuaries was also biased due to the inclusion of an exceptionally high supersaturation value from a small UK estuary, Colne (2645%). However, low N 2 O saturation and fluxes in the Indian estuaries were related to mean low concentration of DIN that led to low nitrification rates compared to world estuaries. Despite India ranking second in artificial fertilizers use, high flushing rates during the wet period reduce residence time leading to less modification within the estuary.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.