The concept of FPOs was started in the year 2011-12. In Telangana in 2013, ten FPOs were registered, in 2015, five FPOs were registered and in 2016, five FPOs were registered which were promoted by Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC). The current study offers insights on the status of these 20 FPOs and revealed that high levels of indebtedness, increasing unemployment and resultant migration are the serious problems confronting agricultural sector. The strategy of FPOs is innovative institutional support to the farmers to prevent the exploitation of farmers by the middlemen. The major reasons for the success of FPOs include group approach, strengthened linkages and increased income levels among the group members. The lack of financial support was the major hindrance for the functioning of FPOs in Telangana.
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in Assam and it contributed over 19 per cent to state domestic product (SDP) in 2010-11. But the farmers are still suppressed class even after seven decades of Independence. This may be for various reasons. In Assam Majority farmers are from tribal population where their living standard is very low. So, the present study reveals the Socioeconomic Status and expenditure pattern of Tribal Farmers of sonitpur district of Assam. The study area has been chosen Thelamara circle of the district. The data has been collected on the basis of personal interview by survey method to each of the farmer through a predetermined questionnaire. A total sample of 80 farmers has been collected purposively from four different villages of the circle. The study revealed that Tribal farmers are very poor farmers with low literacy and knowledge about agricultural methods in comparison to non Tribal farmers.
The assessment of shift in cropping pattern in several regions is crucial for a much better insight into the agricultural development method. The present study was undertaken to examine the dynamics of cropping pattern in Karimnagar district of Telangana. The data was collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana from 1966-67 to 2016-17 and it was analysed with the help of Markov chain by decade wise and for last decade, analysed for five periods. The major findings from the study revealed that any set of crops did not retain its area in Karimnagar, but the acreage of the crops was continuously shifting from one set of crops to another set throughout the period. The cereals area was observed to be more stable while the loss of area from cereals towards commercial crops like cotton and turmeric etc. Indicated that the cropping pattern of the region moves towards diversification in northern Telangana zone. There is a larger scope for deciding within the choice of crops to place the agriculture on the pedestal of property growth that has to be thought-about in analysis and extension programmes.
Barium titanate (BTA) nanoparticles are prepared by low‐temperature hydrothermal technique with varying pH from 9 to 12. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that the BTA nanoparticles with pH ranging from 9 to 11 show the existence of few small secondary phases (*) related to tetragonal structure along with the prominent cubic phases. But for sample with pH = 12, the XRD patterns confirm the presence of cubic phases without secondary phases. The morphology evidences the existence of almost spherical‐shaped grains (field‐emission scanning electron microscopy), and nanoparticles (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy) in case of all samples. The energy dispersive spectra confirm the presence of Ba, Ti, and O elements among all samples. Besides, the photocatalytic activity is noticed for all samples. Using the Tauc's plots, optical band gap is determined. The dielectric constant (at pH = 12) is ≈15.10 while the dielectric loss is ≈1.231 suggesting the sample is suitable for charge stored capacitor applications. The dielectric modulus and impedance spectra are recorded in order to evaluate the polarization and conduction mechanism.
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