reauthorizations are the first comprehensive federal legislation to combat human trafficking and to assist trafficking victims. Under the TVPA, human trafficking has occurred if a person was induced to perform labor or a commercial sex act through force, fraud, or coercion. Any person under age 18 who performs a commercial sex act is considered a victim of human trafficking, regardless of whether force, fraud, or coercion were present. The Trafficking of Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-164) requires biennial reporting on human trafficking, using available data from state and local authorities. In response to this requirement, the Department of Justice (DOJ) funded the creation of the Human Trafficking Reporting System (HTRS). The system was designed by the Institute of Race and Justice at Northeastern University (NEU) and the Justice Policy Center at the Urban Institute (UI). It provides data on human trafficking incidents investi

Past research has generally shown that drug courts are reaching their target offenders and that program participants are rearrested at a lower or equivalent rate than comparison offenders. Few analyses have been conducted to test the relative effects of different drug court elements, however. The current research takes a closer look at the two main components of the drug court, supervision and treatment, to determine whether one is more effective at preventing failure, or whether the combination of both is necessary to observe a decreased risk of failure. Attending treatment significantly decreased the risk of failure over a two-year follow-up period, while receiving supervision did not. Offenders who received both supervision and treatment had the longest survival times, but not significantly longer than those who received treatment only. Implications for drug courts in general are discussed, as well as avenues for future research in this field.

The Greenbook demonstration initiative provided federal funding and other support to six communities to establish collaborations to plan and implement policy and practice changes in systems that serve families who are experiencing domestic violence and child maltreatment or child exposure to domestic violence. The demonstration sites established and organized collaborative groups in accordance with the Greenbook foundational principles and recommendations, including representation from multiple levels within the primary partner systems and other organizations, as well as the community. The sites struggled with how to engage consumers of the primary systems, however, and devoted a great deal of time to understanding and addressing organizational differences among the partners. Other salient collaborative influences included leadership, resources, trust, and commitment. The stakeholders noted that the collaborative relationships required a great deal of work but were ultimately one of the main successes of the initiative.

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The Greenbook provides a roadmap for child welfare agencies to collaborate and provide effective responses to families who are experiencing co-occurring child maltreatment and domestic violence. A multisite developmental evaluation was conducted of six demonstration sites that received federal funding to implement Greenbook recommendations for child welfare agencies. Surveys of child welfare caseworkers show significant changes in several areas of agency policy and practice, including regular domestic violence training, written guidelines for reporting domestic violence, and working closely and sharing resources with local domestic violence service providers. Case file reviews show significant increases in the level of active screening for domestic violence, although this increase peaks at the midpoint of the initiative. These findings, coupled with on-site interview data, point to the importance of coordinating system change activities in child welfare agencies with a number of other collaborative activities.