Chickpeas are a rich source of dietary protein and phenolic bioactives that promote human health, and they are widely used as food and culinary ingredients in current and ethnic cuisines around the world. Due to its natural drought and heat tolerance, chickpea will become increasingly important with climate change. Chickpea is an indeterminate crop flowering over a long period of time, with leaf and branch formation continuing during pod filling. The early stages of plant inflorescence growth are just as important as the later stages of floral development. During those early phases, certain properties, such as inflorescence architecture and flower developmental timings, are defined. A variety of climatic and environmental conditions influence chickpea growth, development, and grain yield. Chickpea production gets hampered by climatic extremes such as unpredictable rainfall, very hot and low temperatures, drought. Environmental factors like as salinity and nutrient deprivation have a significant impact on global chickpea productivity. Every year, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris causes massive yield losses in chickpeas. Other effective biotic stress factors are root diseases (collar rot, and dry root rot), and foliar diseases (Ascochyta blight, Botrytis grey mold). In this review, some valuable information related to chickpea is extracted from international articles published mostly in last year and presented here.
A total of 170 different the local chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes collected from the Mediterranean and Central Anatolian regions, Adana, Hatay, Osmaniye, Maraş, Mersin, Karaman provinces were studied in order to evaluate in breeding studies and to determine some impmedium wident agronomic and morphological characteristics. Characterizations of genotypes at the time of winter sowing were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Morphological characterization studies were carried out according to the definition list published by IPGRI for chickpea and the UPOV feature document of this species. In this study, the characteristics of the chickpea plant and its seed were examined and the differences between these examined characteristics were determined. It is seen that the canopy height and hundred seed weight have the highest values on the First Main Component in terms of weights and contribution margins in the first three main components of the characteristics evaluated in winter agriculture. When the Second Main Component values were examined, it was determined that the number of leaflets and the first branch had the highest values. In the third main component, the values of flower color and pigmentation were determined to be the highest. Among the three main components, the determined features were determined as the characters that could be the basis for the differentiation of the populations.
This research was carried out to determine the yield and physiological characteristics of İnci, Hasanbey, Seçkin and Aydın chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars at different sowing times and under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in Çukurova climate conditions. Experiments were carried out in a divided plot design with four replications for two years, in 2012 and 2013 growing years. In the study, two different planting times (winter-early spring) and two different water applications (irrigated and non-irrigated) were applied and some properties related to yield and morphology were examined. The trials were conducted at the Doğankent location in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute research area. In the experiments, the main plots were arranged according to sowing time, and the sub-plots consisted of cultivars, and irrigated and non-irrigated plots. As a result of the research, it was determined that sowing time and water applications affected agronomic and morphological characteristics. These changes were observed according to planting times and varieties. In terms of morphological characteristics, it was determined that there were decreases in summer plantings and non-irrigated conditions in which planting time and irrigation were significantly effective in all four cultivars. Increases were determined in winter plantings compared to summer plantings. Increases in yield and hundred-seed weights under irrigated conditions, increases in yield values, flowering and pod binding values were observed in winter plantings. In terms of two-year average values, a yield of 196.29 kg/da was obtained in irrigated conditions and 158.11 kg/da in non-irrigated conditions in winter plantings. In terms of two-year average values, 139.67 kg/da yield was obtained in irrigated conditions and 121.14 kg/da yield was obtained in summer plantings.
Lentil was first cultivated 8000–10,000 years ago and is a protein-rich crop. It is an important dietary component in many Mediterranean and Asian countries but allergic reactions to lentil intake was reported in some countries. Lentil yield is a key and difficult trait to enhance for crop genetic improvement. Several biotic and abiotic variables such as drought, high temperature, salinity, mineral deficiency and fungal diseases limit the production of lentils. Landraces and wild relatives are more tolerant to adverse environmental conditions. Molecular tools to assist breeding efforts in lentil are less well developed in comparison with other crops. Due to its excellent and balanced nutritional composition, the use of lentil flour in bakery, extruded and other products is gaining attention from food technologists and industry. In this review, some valuable information related to lentil is extracted from international articles published in last two years and presented here.
This study, which was carried out in 2014-2015 to determine the agronomic characteristics of some chickpea lines and varieties under Şanlıurfa ecological conditions, was conducted in the experimental trial areas of GAP Agricultural Research Institute. 20 registered chickpea genotypes and 3 control varieties were used in the study, which was established according to the randomized block design with three replications. In the study, phenological traits such as the number of days until flowering after 50% emergence, the number of days until pod tying, the number of days after emergence and vegetation duration and agronomic traits such as plant height, first pod height, days to maturity, one hundred grain weight and yield per decare were examined in chickpea plants. During the study, Ascochyta blight disease controls of chickpea varieties were also carried out depending on the climatic conditions. In the study, the highest grain yield was obtained from Işık (181.65 kg/da) variety and the lowest grain yield was obtained from Uzunlu variety (108.34 kg/da) at Şanlıurfa location. In terms of both growing seasons, the highest average protein analysis values were obtained from Yaşa variety with 25.77% and the lowest from İnci variety wıth22.02%.
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