In this article, a miniaturized antenna with a Koch fractal defected ground structure (KFDGS) is proposed for C/X and Ku-band applications. The performance of an inset-fed lambda/2 patch antenna is examined using an iterated KFDGS etched on the ground plane. A conventional antenna operated at 16 GHz with a return loss of −34.31 dB is constructed, followed by a tri-band miniaturized antenna operating at 6.35, 9, and 13.05 GHz with a return loss of −22.41, −25.05, and −28.54 dB in order to achieve miniaturization of 60.31%, 43.75%, and 18.43%, respectively. An antenna is designed on a Roger RT Duroid substrate, fabricated, and tested with dimensions of 12×14×0.8 mm 3 , and its impact on reduction in size performance has been evaluated with measured peak directivity and gain of 3.07 and 2.80 dBi at 6.35 GHz, 4.78 and 4.65 dBi at 9 GHz, and 7.73 and 7.76 dBi at 13.05 GHz, respectively. A good agreement is found between the measurements and simulations.
In this article, a miniaturized pentagonal slot antenna (PSA) with a Meander Koch Defected Ground Structures (MK-DGS) and metamaterials (MTM) is proposed for 5 GHz WLAN application. Initially, a Meander Koch DGS was used to lower the resonant frequency of the basic PSA, from 13.1 GHz to 5 GHz. The proposed antenna has been 61.83% miniaturized, close to an electrically small antenna. The performance characteristics of a basic PSA using MK-DGS and MTM superstrate, which improves efficiency, directivity, and peak gain, are also discussed. An antenna with dimensions of 15×15 mm 2 (or) 0.25λ 0 × 0.25λ 0 mm 2 at a thickness of h 1 = 1.6 mm is designed, fabricated, and tested on an FR4 epoxy substrate, and its impact on size reduction performance is evaluated. The gain at 5 GHz is increased from 3.15 to 7.84 dBi by introducing an MTM superstrate made of RT Duriod at a thickness of 1.575 mm above the miniaturized PSA at 17 mm. Test results of the prototype model are corroborated by the simulated results of the proposed model.
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