TBM was more likely to occur in younger patients, with a larger clinical mass at presentation. Histologically, TBM tends to show more eosinophils and necrosis, and IGM is associated with more plasma cells. The characteristics of the granulomas and giant cells were not distinguishing features.

The population size and projected demographics of Vietnam’s 2 largest cities, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Hanoi, will change dramatically over the next decade. Demographic changes in an aging population coupled with income growth and changes in lifestyle will result in a very different distribution of common cancers in the future. The study aimed to project the number of cancer incidence in the 2 largest populated cities in Vietnam for the year 2025. Cancer incidence data from 2004 to 2013 collected from population-based cancer registries in these 2 cities were provided by Vietnam National Cancer Institute. Incidence cases in 2013 and the previous decades average annual percent changes of age-standardized cancer incidence rates combined with expected population growth were modeled to project cancer incidence for each cancer site by gender to 2025. A substantial double in cancer incidence from 2013 to 2025 resulted from a growing and aging population in HCMC and Hanoi. Lung, colorectum, breast, thyroid, and liver cancers, which represent 67% of the overall cancer burden, are projected to become the leading cancer diagnoses by 2025 regardless of genders. For men, the leading cancer sites in 2025 are predicted to be lung, colorectum, esophagus, liver, and pharynx cancer, and among women, they are expected to be breast, thyroid, colorectum, lung, and cervical cancer. We projected an epidemiological transition from infectious-associated cancers to a high burden of cancers that have mainly been attributed to lifestyle in both cities. We predicted that with 16.9% growth in the overall population and dramatic aging with these 2 urban centers, the burdens of cancer incidence will increase sharply in both cities over the next decades. Data on projections of cancer incidence in both cities provide useful insights for directing appropriate policies and cancer control programs in Vietnam.

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Background and Aims: The burden of breast cancer in Vietnam has not been documented. This study sought to estimate the incidence of breast cancer in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest economic center of Vietnam, from 1996 to 2015.Methods: This was a population-based study using the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry as a source of data (coverage period: 1996 - 2015). The Registry adopted the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition for the classification of primary sites and morphology, and guidelines from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the International Association of Cancer Registries. Using the population statistics from census data of Ho Chi Minh City, the point incidence of breast cancer for each 5-year period was estimated. Based on the national population, we calculated the age-standardized rate (ASR) of breast cancer between 1996 and 2015.Results: Overall 14,222 new cases of breast cancer (13,498 women, or 95%) had been registered during the 1996-2015 period; among whom, just over half (52%) were in the 2nd stage, and 26% in the 3rd and and 4th stages. In women, the median age at diagnosis was 50 years and there was a slight increase over time. The age-standardized incidence rate of breast cancer during 2011-2015 period was 21.5 cases per 100,000 women, representing an increase of 70% compared to the rate in 1996-2000 period. In men, there was also a significant increase in the age-standardized incidence rate: from 0.22 during the 1996-2001 period to 0.46 per 100,000 men during the 2011-2015 period.Conclusions: These very first data from Vietnam suggest that although the incidence of breast cancer in Vietnam remains relatively low, it has increased over time, and that the increase was mainly attributable to those age groups of 50 and 70.