Malware on devices connected to the Internet via the Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving and is a core component of the fourth industrial revolution. IoT devices use the MIPS architecture with a large proportion running on embedded Linux operating systems, but the automatic analysis of IoT malware has not been resolved. We proposed a framework to classify malware in IoT devices by using MIPS-based system behavior (system call—syscall) obtained from our F-Sandbox passive process and machine learning techniques. The F-Sandbox is a new type for IoT sandbox, automatically created from the real firmware of the specialized IoT devices, inheriting the specialized environment in the real firmware, therefore creating a diverse environment for sandboxing as an important characteristic of IoT sandbox. This framework classifies five families of IoT malware with F1-Weight = 97.44%.
In the present study, the structure evolution under direct reduction of a Minh-Son magnetite iron ore/carbon composite pellets in a microwave-heating kiln under different microwave wattage of 60 and 90 % (with the firing time from 15 to 120 min.) was investigated. The microstructure of the pellets was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The phase formation was indexed using MDI Jade from the peaks matching the reference sample. At the microwave’s wattage of 60 %: the wustite (FeO) has appeared after firing time of 60 min., the metallic iron and fayalite have appeared in the reduced samples after firing time of 90 min. to 120 min. with retained phases of Fe203, Fe304, FeO and Si02– While at the microwave’s wattage of 90 %, the metallic iron has appeared in the reduced samples after firing time of 30 min. to 120 min and fayalite has appeared in the reduced samples after firing time of 60 min. to 120 min. The final reduced pellet, under microwave’s wattage of 90 % and firing time of 120 min., shows the only phases of metallic iron and fayalite according to the XRD resolution. The present work could provide a scientific understanding to illustrate iron ore/carbon composite pellet behavior during solid-state carbothermic reduction under a microwave-heating.
MS1200 steel grade is now widely utilized in the automotive sector because it is a good solution for the current trend of vehicle chassis frame construction. This research presents a technology procedure for producing MS1200 steel grade from low carbon steel scrap and sponge iron – a product of MIREX Vietnam. The smelting using up to 30 % sponge iron briquettes combined with low carbon scrap, FeSi, FeMn, FeCr, FeTi,… was realized in a medium frequency induction furnace. The heat treatment for forged steel was performed to obtain required properties. The steel product has the following properties: tensile strength σb = 1280 MPa, yield strength σ0.2 = 990 MPa and impact toughness ak = 769 J/mm2, that meets the need of industrial use.
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