Rafael f. escamilla, PT, PhD, CSCS, FACSM1 • Clare lewis, PT, PsyD, MPH, MTC, FAAOMPT2 • DunCan Bell, MPT3 Gwen BramBlet, MPT3 • Jason Daffron, MPT3 • steve lamBert, MPT3 • amanDa PeCson, MPT3 roDney imamura, PhD 4 • lonnie Paulos, MD 5 • James r. anDrews, MD 6 Core Muscle Activation During Swiss Ball and Traditional Abdominal Exercises t he "core" has been used to refer to the lumbopelvic-hip complex, which involves deeper muscles, such as the internal oblique, transversus abdominis, transversospinalis (multifidus, rotatores, semispinalis), quadratus lumborum, and psoas major and minor, and superficial muscles, such as the rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae (iliocostalis, spinalis, longissimus), t ConClusions: The roll-out and pike were the most effective exercises in activating upper and lower rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, and latissimus dorsi muscles, while minimizing lumbar paraspinals and rectus femoris activity .

372Escamilla et al [ Physical Therapy ] T he core musculature includes both deep and superficial muscles of the lumbopelvic-hip complex: internal oblique, transversus abdominis, transversospinalis, quadratus lumborum, psoas major and minor, rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus and medius, hamstrings, and rectus femoris. 2,3,21,23 Although several studies have examined core muscle recruitment during the crunch and bent-knee sit-up exercises, 9,11,35,37 Background: Prone, supine, and side position exercises are employed to enhance core stability.

No abstract

A new book by Michael W. Doyle engages with the ideas of John Stuart Mill in an effort to answer the perennial question of when international humanitarian intervention can be justified.