Synergistic self-healing materials and inorganic particles to create self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces for improving their robustness is a common technique, but the suitability between the two is rarely mentioned. In this work, we developed a multifunctional superhydrophobic coating with room-temperature stability, mechanical stability, self-healing, and NIR stimuli response, in which self-healing polyurethane (PU) serves as the interface reinforcement layer and poly(dopamine) (PDA)-coated flower-like ZnO composite particles serve as the hydrophobic layer. A series of temperature-dependent self-healing PU materials were designed and synthesized by regulating the ratio of hard and soft chain segments in PU, and the relationship between the healing temperature of PU and the hydrophobic stability of the composite coatings was investigated. Based on dynamic hydrogen and disulfide bonds, PUs displayed excellent self-healing performance. Thanks to the self-healing and interfacial strengthening effect of PU and the photothermal properties of PDA, the composite coating exhibits not only excellent mechanical stability but also rapid self-healing ability in response to NIR stimuli. Furthermore, the smart coating demonstrated superior self-cleaning and corrosion resistance. This work provides a reference for developing strong and stable water-repellent reversible superhydrophobic coatings with great potential and promising future.
The bacterial colonization of surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation are a great threat in medical therapy and clinical diagnosis. The complex internal structure and composition sets an enormous obstacle for the localization and removal of biofilms. In this study, we proposed a novel biofilm-targeted nanocontainer with successive responsive property toward pH and ATP for precise localization and simultaneous bacterial eradication, with an acidic and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-rich microenvironment within biofilms, formed due to the accumulation of fatty acids and ATP in the three-dimensional enclosed structure, integrated as two successive indicators to improve the precision of biofilm identification and removal. The biofilm-targeted nanocontainer was composed of a ATP-responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) core loaded with Rho 6G and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) encapsulated in the pH-responsive amorphous calcium carbonate/poly(acrylic acid) (ACC/PAA) shell. In the presence of biofilms, the ACC/PAA shell and ZIF-90 core were successively degraded by the accumulated H+ and ATP within biofilms, resulting in the release of fluorescence indicators and antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, to meet the application requirements of different biofilm scenarios, the pH response ability of the nanocontainers could be adjusted by changing the metallic ions (Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+) doped into the structure of the ACC/PAA shell. Owing to excellent water dispersion of the pH/ATP double-responsive ZIF-90@Zn-ACC/PAA nanocontainer, precise localization and simultaneous bacterial eradication was successfully realized via a simple spray process. The successive pH/ATP two-step unlocking processes endowed the nanocontainers high precision for localization and simultaneous eradication of biofilms, which made the proposed nanocontainers high promising in food safety and medical treatment.
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