Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which firms in the Sri Lankan apparel industry practice supply-chain-resilience (SCRes) capabilities and examine whether SCRes practices affect the performance and competitive advantage of those firms. Design/methodology/approach Uses a conceptual framework to assess SCRes capabilities and to investigate their impact on firm performance and competitive advantage. Uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to quantitatively analyze questionnaire data collected from 89 Sri Lankan apparel manufacturers. Findings In the presence of SCRes capabilities in the apparel industry, this study finds that supply-chain risk-management culture positively affects SCRes capabilities, namely re-engineering, agility and collaboration. Agility shows the greatest influence on firm performance and competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to the apparel industry sector (a manufacturing sector) in Sri Lanka to maintain the uniformity of the research constructs. Practical implications Results imply that management should pay more attention to enhancing SCRMC and prioritizing their SCRes capabilities. Originality/value This study is the first to assess SCRes capabilities in the apparel-manufacturing sector and examine the impact of SCRes capabilities on firm performance and competitive advantage.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of dividend policy in an emerging and developing market. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a quantitative approach using 191 Sri Lankan firms and 1,337 firm-year observations as the sample. The authors apply a Binary Logistic Regression model to uncover the determinants of the propensity to pay dividends, and a Fixed Effect Panel Regression to investigate the determinants of dividend payout. Findings The authors identify past dividend decision, earnings, investment opportunities, profitability, free cash flow (FCF), corporate governance, state ownership, firm size and industry influence as the key determinants of propensity to pay dividends. In addition past dividends, investment opportunities, profitability and dividend premium are identified as the determinants of dividend payout. Moreover, there is a feedback between dividend yield and profitability in one lag and between dividend yield and dividend premium in two lags, as short-term relationships. Hence, past dividend decision or payout, profitability and investment opportunities are a common set of determinants with implications for both propensity to pay dividends and its payout. The findings support theories of dividends such as signaling, outcome, catering, life cycle, FCF and pecking order. Practical implications The findings are important for investors, managers and future research. Investors should focus on the determinants identified by our study when making investment decisions whereas managers should practice the same when formulating appropriate dividend policies for their firms. Future research should rely on propensity to pay dividends and its payout simultaneously to promote a theoretical consensus on the dividend determinant puzzle. Originality/value This is the first study that investigates determinants of propensity to pay dividends and dividend payout along with short-term relationships in a single study.
Ahigll intake of nitrates or nitrites is known to be hazardous to health. An analysis of drinking water from 225 wells in 11 Family Health. Worker Areas in the Kalpitiya peninsu1.a showed t h a t only 56% of these wells contain nitrate concentl.ations considered to he safe by the WHO (<50mg nitrate A). 31% per cent; ofthese wells contain a nitrate concentration hetween 50mg/l and 100mgA while the balance 17.44 contain very high nitrate concentrations ranging from 101-300 mgn. An analysis of 7 types food items commonly grown in the peninsula (sweet potato -I~~ornaeo hatntas, kurathampala-A~zaralrZI~us oiridis, gherkins -Czcc:zrrrr.is sp, anguna leaves-Tirnonius,iam.bosella, red onions-Allium, ceptr, potatc~cs -S'ola~l.irn~ tuberosunr and long heans -Vign.a cyindrica) revealed t h a t anguna leaves, long heans and kurathampala contain high nitrale c o n c e n t~~i t i o n s (2.79g/kg, l.lfig/kg and 3.25gkg respectively) on a wet weight basis. Of these, anguna leaves is one vegetable known to he eaten daily hy majority of the local population. From calculations hased on the average daily intake of anguna leaves (approximately 100g) and water (3 1) it is apparent that a person living in an area wit11 wells containing s100mg nitrateA would consume close to 6OOmg nitl.ate/.day. If the contribution from other vegetahles consumed is also taken in to account, the daily nitrate intake of these individuals wtluld he even higl~er. !Illerefore it is possible that hifill nitrate levels in the vegetahles grown and water available in the Kalpitiya peninsula may a t t r i b u t e to t h e development of toxic methaemog1:lohinaemia in people living in the area.Key words. Ground water pollution, Kalpitiya peninsula, methaemoglobinaemia, nitrate. nitrite.Nitrate is considered to be one of the very important water pollutants t0day.l The sources of nitrate are both natural and anthropogenic. According to published reports" during the past two decades, nitrate levels in ground water of many countries has increased significantly because of the increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers. Such practices also result in increased exposure of man and animals t o high concentrations of nitrates in food, feed" and water, as nitrates can be incorporated into plants grown in soils containing high concentrations of C.E. Liyaizage this chemical.Vhe increase of nitrate in plants will be more rapid as the quantity of fertilizer applied to the soil increases.Vhe wide presence of nitrates and nitrites in substantjal quantities in soil, water and plants (including vegetables) has been a matter of concern in many developing c~u n t r i e s .~ According to Sudrand et al" the nitrate content of vegetables grown under intense cultivation with the use of fertilizers is very much higher than the physiological optimum that can be safely tolerated by humans.Consumption of abnormally high concentrations of nitrates and nitrites is known to be del.eterious to health.*,'' For example, methaemoglobinaemia can develop due to the oxidation of the iron (11) ...
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