Macao gaming concession is about to expire in June 2022, and such issues as the number of concessions and contract period have attracted much attention. This article introduces the evolution of Macao gaming system with emphasis on its concession duration, legal limit on the number of concessions, asset disposal and tax rate. As a result of its gaming liberalization, Macao has developed into the world’s casino capital. The gaming situation in Macao and in the gaming jurisdictions nearby is different from what it was twenty years ago. Although the current law requires a new public tender for awarding concessions, the increased number of gaming jurisdictions to target Macao would entail adjustment in its public policies to keep its gaming industry competitive. Additionally, the evolution of the relevant public policies and their interactions with touristic, infrastructural, environmental and urban planning policies would likely lead to some changes in the core of the current Macao gaming legislation. The authors indicated that the emergence of subconcessions and satellite casinos, the fractioning of spaces and utilities by different entities regarding asset reversion to the government, and the relationship between concessionaires and junket operators are some major issues, which require an improved legal framework designed to react expeditiously and effectively to the fast-moving industry for a sustained and consistent upward regulatory trajectory. Following this, revising and improving the current concession model would be crucial, even though it implies changes to the core of the current Macao gaming legislation.
Resumo A discussão e a decisão de políticas públicas urbanísticas, especialmente planos diretores, devem contar com a participação dos cidadãos. Neste artigo, são discutidos alguns pontos referentes ao direito à participação popular nas políticas públicas urbanísticas, sem perder o foco no direito urbanístico a ele associado. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do método hermenêutico, por meio do levantamento e da análise das normas jurídicas aplicáveis ao planejamento urbano e à participação cidadã. Realizou-se a coleta de informações por intermédio de materiais bibliográficos, livros e periódicos. São ressaltadas algumas condições que resultaram na inserção atual da participação da população no planejamento urbano no Brasil. Analisando aspectos do direito urbanístico estabelecidos na Constituição de 1988 e abrangendo ferramentas do Estatuto da Cidade, como o plano diretor, os autores discutem a participação popular na gestão democrática das cidades. Encerra-se com reflexões sobre a política urbana brasileira, analisando-se a importância da concretização dos planos diretores participativos, tendo em vista o contexto vigente de escassa atuação popular na elaboração, execução e fiscalização do cumprimento dos instrumentos de planejamento.
O presente artigo faz um paralelo entre o regime jurídico português e o brasileiro em matérias próximas como as da habitação, regularização fundiária e reabilitação. Ainda que em diferentes medidas e com distintos instrumentos, estas problemáticas têm estado na luz da ribalta em ambos os países. E em ambos é notória a dificuldade em concretizar regras de uso, ocupação e transformação do solo em situações em que este já se encontra comprometido, muitas vezes com utilizações de raiz ilegal.
The relevance of fraus legis – a falsely presented state of affairs – both in internal and private international law, and particularly within recognition procedures, has not been undisputed throughout the years. And in the midst of integration or close cooperation arrangements it might seem that the institute of fraus legis would definitively lose its interest due to an “unshaken” mutual confidence in the activity of other public authorities. This is however not the case, as demonstrated by European Union law where both legislative and case law examples show the renewed importance of such truthfulness or veracity requirement. Bearing this is mind, the present article has a dual purpose: the first aims to describe the legal concept of recognition in its diversity and richness. As an aggregating factor we will subsequently turn our attention to the “internal structure” of that concept and to the conditions or requisites it is dependent upon. One of such conditions is precisely the control of veracity of the act or situation that aims to be recognised by the receiving State.
Fuel management areas (FMA) can be classified depending on their different objectives, as primary, secondary and tertiary, and can be made up of firebreaks when fuels are totally removed, fuelbreaks and fuelbreak shades when land remains covered by vegetation, but fuels are reduced in volume and flammability. Given the recognized importance of these areas (as defensible spaces), but also their variety, they may be found in several legislations but regulated in quite different modes. In general terms, however, it is possible to observe that there are common features which are considered in the legal regulation of fuel management, mostly at the wildland-urban interface: the location of the land; its wildfire hazardousness and the type of the vegetation present on the property and its surroundings. Portuguese legislation distinguishes between primary, secondary and tertiary fuel management areas, but adopts a very simplified approach to secondary FMA, considering only the type of activity at hand and the type of land (forest or agricultural) in the surroundings, and no other relevant factors as topography, climate and concrete vegetation. This contribution focuses on secondary areas and defines their main traits, from the point of view of legal regulation, and also the difficulties in their operationalisation.
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