Unlike in the developed countries, road rehabilitation timing has recently become a subject of consideration and attracting much attention in developing countries like Nigeria. Increase in international roughness index (IRI) on Nigerian roads corroborated this fact. This study focuses on trailer/truck loads pattern, highway regulations and standard life span of highways, annual budgetary allocations to road construction and rehabilitations, and the adoption of weigh-in-motion (WIM) device on Nigerian carriageways. The study reveals that the increase in freight movement and growth in E80s/heavy vehicles (HV) traffic on interstate roads has tripled within the last 5 years. It further revealed that the highway life span has reduced to 2 years in Nigeria, and thereby increased the national recurrent expenditure on road transport. Results from this study shows that the deplorable conditions of the national highways have resulted in the loss of about ₦175 billion to the Nigerian economy. Lastly, this setback of none implementation of weighbridges and WIM devices on Nigeria roads can be attributed to political vested interest, lack of will power and governance offered by the ruling class in the country rather than technicality.
Ex situ adaptation in the form of relocation has become inevitable in some low-lying coastal zones where other adaptation strategies become impractical or uneconomical. Although relocation of coastal low-lying communities is anticipated globally, little is still known about the factors that influence household-level adoption. This study draws on an extended version of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to assess the factors influencing the relocation intention of three highly vulnerable coastal rural communities in Ghana. A total of 359 household heads were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey. The study employed binary logistic regression to identify key factors that influence residents’ readiness to relocate. The results indicated that cognitive and compositional factors were more important than contextual factors in explaining the intention to relocate among coastal rural communities in Ghana. However, contextual factors mediated or attenuated the influence of cognitive and compositional factors on relocation intention. Based on the findings, this study advocates for intensive education on the effects of future sea-level rise impacts on communities as well as structural and non-structural measures to improve the socio-economic capacity of rural communities.
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