The prognosis of metastasis to the penis is very poor; the best results have been achieved with surgery but only for lesions where metastasis is limited to the penis.
ACC has a remarkable capacity for recurrence. To our knowledge, in the English-speaking area (PubMed), 10 cases of ACC metastatic to the kidney have been described to date, and this is the second reported case of kidney metastasis from primary lacrimal ACC.
Hemangiosarcomas are rare tumours, predominantly affecting adult and elderly patients. Most frequently they involve the skin, although they can occur in visceral organs and other tissues. Hemangiosarcomas pursue an aggressive clinical course with high mortality rates. Primary adrenal hemangiosarcoma is extremely rare. We report a case of a 64-year-old male patient. He underwent ultrasound and computed tomography scan because of pain in his left lumbar area present over the previous 2 months. Tumor mass of the adrenal gland was found and he underwent left adrenalectomy. Macroscopically, cystic tumor that measured up to 9 cm in diameter was found. Histological diagnosis was hemangiosarcoma. The patient was being treated for chronic myeloid leukaemia for 7 years. During the time the adrenal tumor was diagnosed, he had been in remission. He died one and a half months after tumor resection because of profound bleeding in postoperative area. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a primary adrenal gland hemangiosarcoma in a patient treated for chronic myeloid leukaemia.
First widely used ureteral stents were polymeric and first documented metallic stent placed in ureter was vascular permanent stent in patient with malignant obstruction. Due to high complication rates with off label bare metal stents and covered metal stents development of purpose-based urological metallic stents was started. They are nowadays usually exploited when longer indwelling times are envisioned due to benign conditions, malignant obstruction or post-radiotherapy. In our analysis we have witnessed high risk of complication—68% per patient and 50% per stent.Further research in form of multi-institutional prospective RCT in order to obtain better understanding of complications is needed which in turn can drive further development of stent materials, coatings and designs ultimately giving our patients better QoL.
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