Background Scabies is a common, under-reported condition in the Pacific with acute and chronic complications. In this study we explored the prevalence of scabies in Sanma Province, Vanuatu. Methods We randomly selected 30 villages from nine government zones across three islands and examined residents present within these villages for scabies. Bivariate analysis and multilevel models were conducted to investigate associated demographic and household factors. Results Of 1879 participants examined, 563 had scabies (30%, 95% CI 27.9 to 32.1) with the highest prevalence in children aged 6–10 y (38.8%, 95% CI 33.9 to 44). Conclusions Scabies is a significant issue in Sanma with very high prevalence in children.
Flocculation is one of the most important characteristics of brewing yeast as it allows for the easy and cheap removal of cells after fermentation. The genes responsible for both the Flo1 and NewFlo flocculation phenotypes are well characterized. However, the relationship between Flo protein abundance and flocculation efficiency is poorly understood. In this present study, we used mass spectrometry proteomics to compare the cell wall and whole cell proteomes of commercial yeast strains with diverse flocculation behaviors. We found that the relative abundance of Flo1/5 or Flo10 in the cell wall was correlated with the ability of these yeast strains to flocculate. Analysis of whole cell proteomes identified differences in the proteomes of yeast strains and identified the potential for high metabolic diversity. Characterization of the cell wall and whole cell proteomes during fermentation showed high levels of Flo10 in cells that settled early during fermentation. Our data reveal the diversity of the cell wall and global proteomes of brewing yeast, highlighting the potential biochemical diversity present in yeast that can be utilized in the production of fermented beverages.
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