The effect! of orienting instruetioft8-those instructions usually giTeft to human IlUbjecta to acquaint them with the experimental task and contextual stimuli prior to the start of an operant experiment-on human fixed-interval performance were investigated in a between-groups design. Each of four groups of subjects was exposed to only one set of the following instructions:(1) instructions that described the apparatus but not the response manipulandum; (2) same as Instruction 1, but with a description of the response manipulandum; (3) same as Instruction 2, but with a demonstration of the response; or (4) same as Instruction 3, but with an additional instruction to maximize reinforcement. Each of the instructional sets differentially affected responding between groups: Instruction 1 produced the lowest rates and Instruction 4 produced the highest. Thus, different orienting instructions, as discriminative stimuli, do not set equivalent occasions for responding. Moreover, orienting instructions may interact with scheduled contingencies and/or contingency-specifying instructions to jointly control human performance in operant contexts.

This paper analyzes the traditional concepts of logic and reasoning from the perspective of radical behaviorism and in the terms ofSkinner's treatment ofverbal behavior. The topics covered in this analysis include the proposition, premises and conclusions, logicality and rules, and deductive and inductive reasoning.

!a. REPORT SECURITY CLASSiFiCATION lb. RESTRIC7IVE MARKINGS Unclassified 2a. SECURITY CLASSiFICATION AUTHORIT'r 3 DISTRIBUTION/ AVAILABILITY OF REPORT-__Approved for public release; 2b. DECLASSIFiCATION / DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution is unlimited. 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) AS1690-314-88 ARI Research Report 1528 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATiON 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATON 20. DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION C3 UNCLASSIFiED/UNLIMITED % SAME AS RPT. r DTIC USERS Unclassified 22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL Charles A. Gainer (205) 255-4404 PERI-IR DD Form 1473, JUN 86 Previous editions are c jsuiete. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS 'AGE UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(Whe Dlat Entered) ARI Research Report 1528 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continued) Part-task training Error remediation training effectiveness MITAC Interactivity 19.

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