Copper electrodes with a micromesh/nanomesh structure were fabricated on a polyimide substrate using UV lithography and wet etching to produce flexible transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). Well-defined mesh electrodes were realized through the use of high-quality Cu thin films. The films were fabricated using radio-frequency (RF) sputtering with a single-crystal Cu target—a simple but innovative approach that overcame the low oxidation resistance of ordinary Cu. Hybrid Cu mesh electrodes were fabricated by adding a capping layer of either ZnO or Al-doped ZnO. The sheet resistance and the transmittance of the electrode with an Al-doped ZnO capping layer were 6.197 ohm/sq and 90.657%, respectively, and the figure of merit was 60.502 × 10–3/ohm, which remained relatively unchanged after thermal annealing at 200 °C and 1,000 cycles of bending. This fabrication technique enables the mass production of large-area flexible TCEs, and the stability and high performance of Cu mesh hybrid electrodes in harsh environments suggests they have strong potential for application in smart displays and solar cells.

Manganese has been known to be an alloying element of A1 alloys that contributes to uniform deformation. Recently, it was found that as the manganese content increases over 0.5 wt.% in such aluminum alloys as the 6000, and 7000 series alloys, both yield and ultimate tensile strength increase significantly without decreasing ductility. The added manganese forms a manganese dispersoid of A16Mn. This dispersoid has an incoherent structural relationship with respect to the matrix, FCC, in retarding the motion of dislocations that increase strength. Once the dislocation is blocked by the dispersoid, it tends to change the slip system by means of cross-slip. This cross-slip allows the deformation to maintain uniformly good ductility. TEM observation has proven the above mentioned activities of dislocation by analyzing the characters of the dislocations around and away from the dispersoids. Adding manganese to aluminum alloys not only enhances tensile strength but also significantly improves low-cycle fatigue resistance. Corrosion resistance is also measurable improved by the addition of manganese. After extrusion, the recrystallization is also retarded so that a very small grain size is maintained, contributing to an improvement in the mechanical properties.

= Abstract =Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the utilization and its determinants of rehabilitation services of people with disabilities in a rural area.Methods: From March 2 to April 1, 2011, we interviewed 101 disabled people with either physical disabilities or brain lesions. The subjects completed questionnaires about the utilization of rehabilitation services, general characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education level, economic status, health insurance, housing, and employment) and disability characteristics (type, level, comorbidity, reason for the occurrence of the disability, self-rated degree of disability, and daily life care giver). Frequency, Pearson's chi-square test, and a multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: This study showed that 70.3% of the people in this rural area with disabilities were using rehabilitation services. The two most common reasons for not using the services were "doubt about the effectiveness of the service" and "no facilities nearby." The facilities that the disabled people were currently using, in the order of most used to least, were general hospitals or clinics, rehabilitation centers, oriental medicine clinics, and public health centers. Only 19.7% of those who received rehabilitation responded that they were satisfied with the service. Significant factors in the utilization of rehabilitation services were sex, employment, self-rated economic status, and the reason for the occurrence of the disability. Women, people who were currently working, people who were of middle or higher economic status, or people who had acquired a disability were significantly more likely to use the services.Conclusions: A large number of people with disabilities in a rural area use rehabilitation services at present, but accessibility and satisfaction were low. Quantitatively and qualitatively, rehabilitation services for disabled people in a rural area should be centered around Community-based Rehabilitation (CBR). Effective strategies, for example reaching those who have not used the rehabilitation services, will be needed to improve services in rural areas.

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Abstract-The analysis of electrocardiograph (ECG) signal provides important clinical information for heart disease diagnosis. The ECG signal consists of the P, QRS complex, and T-wave. These waves correspond to the fields induced by specific electric phenomenon on the cardiac surface. Among them, the detection of ischemia can be achieved by analysis the ST segment. Ischemia is one of the most serious and prevalent heart diseases. In this paper, the European database was used for evaluation of automatic detection of the ST segment. The method comprises several steps; ECG signal loading from database, signal preprocessing, detection of QRS complex and R-peak, ST segment, and other relation parameter measurement. The developed application displays the results of the analysis.