Purpose
Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) uses existing welding technology to make a part from metal deposited in an almost net shape. WAAM is flexible in that it can use multiple materials successively or simultaneously during the manufacturing of a single component.
Design/methodology/approach
In this work, a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) system has been developed to use two material successively and fabricate bimetallic additively manufactured structure (BAMS) of low carbon steel and AISI 316L stainless steel (SS).
Findings
The interface shows two distinctive zones of LCS and SS deposits without any weld defects. The hardness profile shows a sudden increase of hardness at the interface, which is attributed to the migration of chromium from the SS. The tensile test results show that the bimetallic specimens failed at the LCS side, as LCS has lower strength of the materials used.
Originality/value
The microstructural features and mechanical properties are studied in-depth with special emphasis on the bimetallic interface.
Sustainable manufacturing has become an emerging environmental, economic, societal, and technological challenge to the industry, the academia, and the government entities. Numerous research and development (R&D) efforts have been launched, and many global and domestic efforts have been initiated toward a long-term sustainable world. This paper provides an overview of R&D efforts in the measurement of manufacturing sustainability, based on an intensive literature search. It focuses on sustainability metrics that apply to unit machining processes for discrete part manufacturing. The authors present results from assessing the scope of indicators that exist for sustainability measurement in general, with a quick visit to the taxonomy of manufacturing activities and different classifications of existing SM metrics by unit machining processes. Most metrics at the unit machining level were developed to measure environmental impacts with respect to energy, materials, water, wastes, and air emissions, while a relatively smaller effort was developed to gauge societal or economic impacts. We report on an analysis of energy metrics available for various unit machining processes at the sub-device and sub-unit process level.
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