Abstract. Human influence on the hydrologic cycle includes regulation and storage, consumptive use and overall redistribution of water resources in space and time. Representing these processes is essential for applications of earth system models in hydrologic and climate predictions, as well as impact studies at regional to global scales. Emerging large-scale research reservoir models use generic operating rules that are flexible for coupling with earth system models. Those generic operating rules have been successful in reproducing the overall regulated flow at large basin scales. This study investigates the uncertainties of the reservoir models from different implementations of the generic operating rules using the complex multi-objective Columbia River Regulation System in northwestern United States as an example to understand their effects on not only regulated flow but also reservoir storage and fraction of the demand that is met. Numerical experiments are designed to test new generic operating rules that combine storage and releases targets for multipurpose reservoirs and to compare the use of reservoir usage priorities and predictors (withdrawals vs. consumptive demands, as well as natural vs. regulated mean flow) for configuring operating rules. Overall the best performing implementation is with combined priorities rules (flood control storage targets and irrigation release targets) set up with mean annual natural flow and mean monthly withdrawals. The options of not accounting for groundwater withdrawals, or on the contrary, of assuming that all remaining demand is met through groundwater extractions, are discussed.

Human influence on the hydrologic cycle includes regulation and storage, consumptive use and overall redistribution of water resources in space and time. Representing these processes is essential for applications of earth system models in hydrologic and climate predictions, as well as impact studies at regional to global scales. Emerging large-scale research reservoir models use generic operating rules that are flexible for coupling with earth system models. Those generic operating rules have been successful in reproducing the overall regulated flow at large basin scales. This study investigates the uncertainties of the reservoir models from different implementations of the generic operating rules using the complex multi-objective Columbia River Regulation System in northwestern United States as an example to understand their effects on not only regulated flow but also reservoir storage and fraction of the demand that is met. Numerical experiments are designed to test new generic operating rules that combine storage and releases targets for multi-purpose reservoirs and to compare the use of reservoir usage priorities, withdrawals vs. consumptive demand, as well as natural vs. regulated mean flow for calibrating operating rules. Overall the best performing implementation is the use of the combined priorities (flood control storage targets and irrigation release targets) operating rules calibrated with mean annual natural flow and mean monthly withdrawals. The options of not accounting for groundwater withdrawals, or on the contrary, of assuming that all remaining demand is met through groundwater extractions, are discussed

High-Resolution Bathymetry Dataset for the Columbia River through the Hanford ReachFinal Report, 2010 iii Executive SummaryA bathymetric and topographic data collection and processing effort involving existing and newly collected data has been performed for the Columbia River through the Hanford Reach in central Washington State, extending 60-miles from the tailrace of Priest Rapids Dam (river mile 397) to near the vicinity of the Interstate 182 bridge just upstream of the Yakima River confluence (river mile 337).The contents of this report provide a description of the data collections, data inputs, processing methodology, and final data quality assessment used to develop a comprehensive and continuous merged bathymetric and topographic surface dataset for the Columbia River through the Hanford Reach. This work is a continuation of FY2009 work that focused on retrieving, assembling, and processing existing bathymetry and terrestrial topographic data (Coleman, 2009). At the conclusion of the FY2009 work, it was determined and recommended that additional data be collected to supplement existing bathymetric and topographic data to fill significant data gaps in the central portion of the Hanford Reach. In FY2010, hydrographic surveys were conducted and resulting data were cleaned, processed, quality checked against other sources, and incorporated into a multi-source data fusion process to produce a single high-resolution dataset to support the various DOE Hanford missions. High-Resolution Bathymetry Dataset for the Columbia River through the Hanford ReachFinal Report, 2010 v AcknowledgmentsWe appreciate the contributions to this study from the following PNNL staff:• Travis Yeik• Vibhav Durgesh • Erin HamiltonWe acknowledge John Skalicky of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for without his support in providing key existing data products, this effort could not have progressed to the level it did.We express our sincere appreciation to Dr. Scott Petersen at CHPRC for funding this fundamental data development effort and realizing the many values this data will have in the near and long-term for multidisciplinary research and river protection throughout the Hanford Reach.

A B S T R A C T A geographic information system (GIS)-based Area-Time Inundation Index Model (ATIIM) was developed to predict and evaluate availability of hydrologically connected habitats in estuarine and tidal-fluvial regions. The model establishes and describes patterns in the spatial and temporal relationships of the land and water including non-dimensional area-time and volume-time inundation indices. The processing integrates in situ or modeled water-surface elevation (WSE) data with high-resolution elevation data, using established terrain generation and spatial hydrologic analysis methods which are applied in a new geographic domain: the low-relief microtopography characteristic of coastal wetlands. The ATIIM links these data to newly developed, spatially continuous wetted-area algorithms in a GIS module and determines site average bankfull elevation, two-and three-dimensional inundation extent, and other spatial, tabular, and graph-based metrics. It is a cost-effective, rapid assessment tool suitable for the desktop planning environment, and represents an advance over methods that estimate inundation but do not enforce hydrological connectivity. Example model outputs for 11 tidal wetland areas in the lower Columbia River floodplain and estuary illustrate habitat opportunity for threatened and endangered salmon. Outputs for wetland reference sites (tidal marshes and tidal forested wetlands) are compared with river-restoration sites where objectives include increasing salmon access to beneficial habitats by hydrologically reconnecting channels in diked areas of the floodplain. Hydrological process metrics produced by the model, both new and commonly used, support the prioritization of proposed restoration sites, pre-construction planning, and post-construction evaluation. For example, the model can help determine relationships between WSE and habitat opportunity, contrast alternative restoration designs, predict impacts of altered flow regimes, estimate nutrient and biomass fluxes, and provide standardized site comparisons to support effective monitoring of the developmental trajectories of restoration sites.