Background: Morphology of the root canal system is divergent and unpredictable, and rather linked to clinical complications, which directly affect the treatment outcome. This objective necessitates continuous informative update of the effective clinical and laboratory methods for identifying this anatomy, and classification systems suitable for communication and interpretation in different situations. Data: Only electronic published papers were searched within this review. Sources: “PubMed” website was the only source used to search for data by using the following keywords "root", "canal", "morphology", "classification". Study selection: 153 most relevant papers to the topic were selected, especially the original articles and review papers, from 1970 till the 28th of July 2021. Conclusions: This review divided the root canal analysis methods into two approaches; clinical and in vitro techniques. The latter has shown more precise non-subjective readings, on the other hand; the clinical methods provide direct chair side diagnosis for the clinical cases. The classification systems reviewed in the present study, started with the oldest trials that simply presented the root canal systems, according to the degree of angulation, or by coded Latin numbers or English letters. Then, the most recent systems were also presented that were persisted with continuous editions up to date. These new systems could briefly describe the root and root canal’s internal and external details in a small formulation, without confusion and in an easily communicated manner, highly recommended specially for students, teachers, and researchers
Background This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and its association with the presence/quality of root canal filling (RCF) and coronal restoration (CR) in Iraqi population. Material and Methods A total of 385 CBCT scans of patients (18-45) yrs. old with 9250 teeth were examined. The teeth were grouped according to the presence/absence of apical radiolucency, presence/radiographic quality of RCF, and CR. Chi-square and Kappa were used to assess associations and intra-consensus reliability. Logistic regression was used to predict risk factors associated with AP. The significant level was set at p <0.05. Results AP was prevalent in 17.7 and 80.2% of teeth without RCT and with RCT ( p <0.05), respectively. AP in root canal-treated teeth with missed canals (93.2%) was higher than that in root canal-treated teeth with no missing canal (78.3%) ( p <0.05). AP in teeth with inadequate RCF (87%) was higher than that in teeth with adequate RCF (63%) ( P <0.05). No difference in the prevalence of AP in teeth with adequate vs inadequate CR ((79.7%) vs (81%), respectively) ( p >0.05). The presence of AP was significantly associated with inadequate RCF (vs adequate RCF) (OR=4.16, CI 95% 2.29-7.56, P <0.05), and was not associated with inadequate CR (vs adequate CR) (OR=-0.71, CI 95% 0.35-1.42, P >0.05). Intra-consensus reliability was (0.9) for AP and (0.82) for RCF and CR quality. Conclusions AP was highly prevalent in teeth with previous root canal filling compared to non-treated teeth. AP was significantly associated with inadequacy of root canal filling but not with the inadequacy of coronal restoration. Key words: Apical periodontitis, cone beam computed tomography, root canal treatment, endodontics.
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