Back ground and objectives: Liver disease causes major public health problems international, especially in poor countries, and it is associated with poor long-term clinical outcomes and results in the deaths of millions worldwide annually. The aim of this study is to ascertain the virtual frequencies of liver disease and to assess etiological factors among patients admitted to Al-Thawra tertiary Hospital in Sana'a City, Yemen. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective analysis study of gastrointestinal patients admitted from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 to the medical wards of Al-Thawra Hospital. This is a tertiary hospital located in the Yemeni capital, Sana'a City. Data were extracted from patient case folders for the period of under review. Data validated with Microsoft Excel version 13 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for windows; for statistical analysis. Data were evaluated for demographic and other clinical characteristics as definite variables. Results: Of the 516 gastroenterology patients admitted to the gastroenterology service in medical wards during a one-year period, liver disease accounted for 30% of all gastroenterology in the same period. There were 155 patients diagnosed with liver disease. There were 86 (55.5%) males and 69 (44.5%) females, with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The mean overall age of patients and the age range were 46.14±16.5 and 8-85 years, respectively. The peak incidence of age occurred during the fifth and sixth decades of life at 38.1%. The most common liver disease was; autoimmune hepatitis 43 (27.7%), followed by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 35 (22.6%), viral hepatitis 32 (20.6%) and schistosomiasis 10 (6.5%). Conclusion: Current findings show that autoimmune hepatitis was the most common cause among gastrointestinal diseases in Sana'a city, Yemen; the male to female ratio was roughly the same. In light of this, health education and public awareness about hepatitis virus screening tests and schistosomiasis screening and treatment is the primary preventive strategy to be considered.

Background and objective: Antenatal care (ANC) is a health care intervention designed to ensure the safety of pregnancy for the mother and fetus. This system recommends a minimum of four preconception care visits for a healthy pregnancy, according to the World Health Organization. It is not known whether this recommended number of visits was followed or not in urban or rural areas of Yemen. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with the ANC utilization by pregnant women in Sana'a city, Yemen. Methods: This study is an Institutional based cross-sectional descriptive study of married pregnant women practices toward ANC services. The sample size was calculated by Epi-Info to be 452 participants; multistage sampling was adopted. Data were collected from direct interviews using a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions filled in by the investigators. A local language questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consists of several parts (Demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and practices and utilization of ANC) at 10-Health centers of Sana'a city, Republic of Yemen. Epi-Info was used for data analysis, χ 2 was calculated and p value < 0.05 was considered as a cut off for significance of deference. Results: The response rate was 99.1%. Only 214 (47.3%) of the respondents have adequate utilization of ANC. Adequate ANC utilization was high in educated mother, educated husband, with high moderate income, and mothers with children >5. According to obstetric factors, adequate ANC utilization was high in mothers whose age at first pregnancy was more than 20 years, primigravida and primipara. Conclusion:The results of the study draw attention to the need to levitate the number of ANC visits, and the significance of using an suitable model to ascertain the important socio-demographic factors that ANC service providers shall focus on to improve the health of the unborn baby and the mother during pregnancy.