<p>Copper is an ubiquitous essential element but also toxic to aquatic organisms, Environmental Quality Standards being 1 &#181;g.L<sup>-1</sup> for surface water (annual mean concentration). Rivers and estuaries are mainly concerned by copper accumulation in sediments and in organisms. Copper can originate from various manufactured products (antifouling painting, vineyards fungicides, brake linings&#8230;.) and anthropic activities (industrial, landfills&#8230;). As a result, copper French median concentration in oysters is about 200 mg.kg<sup>-1</sup> DM (Ifremer, 2017).</p><p>Transportation, especially road transport, is the main French source of copper air emissions (92% of total emissions) (CITEPA, 2019). Then, urban areas, mainly impervious, constitute a major non-point source of copper from abrasion of brake pads and tires, and fuels. This contaminant is released from the road surfaces through stormwater runoff directly to water bodies or after collection in sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). As the epuration performance of SUDS for copper was shown to be low, this study is carried out to evaluate if copper mobility can be explained by its physical speciation. The distribution of copper among dissolved, colloidal and particulate fractions is studied by size fractionation, assuming that the mobility of copper is related to a high dissolved and colloidal occurrence.</p><p>The study site is a retention-infiltration basin collecting the runoff waters of the main bridge of Nantes (France; about 90&#160;000 vehicles/day), and overflowing to the Loire river . Size fractionation by in series filtration and ultrafiltration was performed on stormwater runoff and surface waters sampled within the basin. Five fractions were analyzed for major and trace elements: ] ; 8&#181;m ], ] 8&#181;m ; 1,2&#181;m ], ] 1,2&#181;m ; 0,45&#181;m ], ] 0,45&#181;m ; 5kDa ] and ] 5kDa. Among these fractions ] ; 8&#181;m ] correspond to particulate copper, ] 8&#181;m ; 1,2&#181;m ], ] 1,2&#181;m ; 0,45&#181;m ], ] 0,45&#181;m ; 5kDa ] to colloidal copper and ] 5kDa ; [ to dissolved copper. Size fractionations were implemented for 8 samples with 2 replicates for each sample and over 1 year. 0.45 &#181;m filtrations were also conducted as a reference.</p><p>The total copper concentration in runoff was around 100&#181;g.L<sup>-1</sup>, which is in the upper part of the concentrations observed in the area of Nantes in SUDS. The results of the size fractionation are as follows : 1) for the stormwater runoffs, particulate copper is about 70% of the total amount, colloidal copper is present for 20% and 10% of dissolved copper is measured. Thus 30 % of copper are mobile; 2) for the surface waters in the basin, the distribution of copper among the dissolved, colloidal and particulate fractions, is respectively 20 %, 70 % and 10 %.</p><p>We concluded that 1) the concentration of copper is 100 times higher the regulation value for natural environment, and 2) particulate fractions of copper are trapped at the entrance of the basin, and an high content of mobile copper (dissolved and colloidal fractions) is observed in the basin that could either be overflowed or infiltrated in the sub-soil of the basin.</p>
<p>The management of urban stormwater runoff has moved from approaches narrowly focused on reducing flooding to approaches more focused on improving water quality. From impervious surfaces, stormwater is often diverted into retention ponds where sedimentation is used to limit the impact on waterbodies by trapping particulate pollutants. Trace elements are of particular interest because of their potential toxicity. The composition of the sediment varies over time, particularly through the development of vegetation. Ageing has an effect on sediment removal ability of pollutants (Nuel et al., 2018). The aim of this study was to compare the mobility of trace elements in sediments of a retention-infiltration pond before and after its total dredging. The mobility of these pollutants is related to their geochemical fractionation between solid phases which is generally investigated by extraction methods. The single extraction method with ammonium acetate and calcium chloride was applied on sediment samples to quantify the highest labile fraction of these elements (Sakan et al., 2020). The ultrasound assisted sequential extraction based on the procedure proposed by Rauret et al., (2000) and certified by Pueyo et al., (2001) was applied to determine the pollutant distribution among the acid-extractable, reducible, oxidizable fractions of sediments. The ageing effect is examined to explain the global removal ability of sediments. Then, the distribution of trace elements in different solid phases is analyzed in function of the sediment ageing, the mineral composition and granulometry of sediments.</p><p><em>Nuel, M., Laurent, J., Bois, P., Heintz, D., Wanko, A., 2018. </em><em>Seasonal and ageing effect on the behaviour of 86 drugs in a full-scale surface treatment wetland: Removal efficiencies and distribution in plants and sediments. Science of The Total Environment 615, 1099&#8211;1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.061</em></p><p><em>Pueyo, M., Rauret, G., L&#252;ck, D., Yli-Halla, M., Muntau, H., Quevauviller, Ph., L&#243;pez-S&#225;nchez, J.F., 2001. Certification of the extractable contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in a freshwater sediment following a collaboratively tested and optimised three-step sequential extraction procedure. J. Environ. Monitor. 3, 243&#8211;250. https://doi.org/10.1039/b010235k</em></p><p><em>Rauret, G., L&#243;pez-S&#225;nchez, J.-F., Sahuquillo, A., Barahona, E., Lachica, M., Ure, A.M., Davidson, C.M., Gomez, A., L&#252;ck, D., Bacon, J., Yli-Halla, M., Muntau, H., Quevauviller, Ph., 2000. Application of a modified BCR sequential extraction (three-step) procedure for the determination of extractable trace metal contents in a sewage sludge amended soil reference material (CRM 483), complemented by a three-year stability study of acetic acid and EDTA extractable metal content. J. Environ. Monitor. 2, 228&#8211;233. https://doi.org/10.1039/b001496f</em></p><p><em>Sakan, S., Fran&#269;i&#353;kovi&#263;-Bilinski, S., &#272;or&#273;evi&#263;, D., Popovi&#263;, A., &#352;krivanj, S., Bilinski, H., 2020. Geochemical Fractionation and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Sediments from Kupa River, Croatia. </em><em>Water 12, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12072024</em></p><p><em>&#160;</em></p>
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