ABSTRACT. Considering the expected genetic variability of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), due to its cultivation in different continents, we characterized and estimated the genetic divergences between 46 accessions of elephant grass with different edaphoclimatic adaptations, using RAPD and ISSR markers. We evaluated, comparatively, the consistency of the information achieved with these markers. Twenty-six RAPD and 25 ISSR primers were employed. The RAPD markers produced 185 bands, 72% of which were polymorphic, with a mean of 5.11 polymorphic bands per primer. The 25 ISSR starters produced 216 bands; 76% were polymorphic, with a mean of 6.56 polymorphic bands per primer. The correlation between the genetic distances achieved by the RAPD and ISSR markers was 0.76, which is highly significant by the Mantel test. Based on UPGMA grouping, considering the point of sudden change, five and six groups were formed for the data from the RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. Genetic diversity in elephant grass These markers provided partially concordant groups, indicating that these techniques can provide consistent information and consequently could be used in studies of genetic diversity among accessions.

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The elephant grass has gained prominence as one of the main forage species used for biomass production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify elephant grass genotypes with high energy biomass production potential by evaluating morpho-agronomic and biomass quality. The following traits were evaluated in this study: dry matter yield (DMY), percentage of whole-plant dry matter (%DM), percentage of neutral detergent fiber (%NDF), percentage of acid detergent fiber (%ADF); percentage of cellulose (%CEL), percentage of lignin (%LIG), percentage of carbon (%C), percentage of nitrogen (%N), and carbon: nitrogen ratio (C: N). Five different production ages were evaluated, and significant differences were observed for the variable DMY. The harvests performed at 20 and 24 weeks of age, provided the best response for biomass energy production (DMY) from elephant grass, averaging 20.50 and 23.77 t.ha −1. The genotypes that most stood out during the evaluation period at the five production ages were King Grass, Mole de Volta Grande, and Mercker 86-México. Genotypes Mole de Volta Grande and King Grass are the most suitable for elephant grass breeding programs aimed at biomass energy production in the conditions of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.

O nível de concentração dos poluentes presentes na atmosfera é determinando pelo monitoramento. Estes resultados possibilitam acompanhar a qualidade do ar na região, além disso, constituem elementos básicos para a elaboração de diagnósticos que podem subsidiar ações para o controle de emissões e medidas de mitigação para minimizar os impactos da poluição atmosférica na saúde pública, no meio ambiente e nos materiais. Neste contexto, as medidas de isolamento social, implementadas para conter o avanço da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19), contribuíram para melhoria da qualidade do ar em grandes cidades de diversos países. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o impacto do isolamento social, imposto pela pandemia da COVID-19 nos níveis de material particulado na Região da Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Para a análise foram considerados dados de PM10 de quatro estações de monitoramento da qualidade do ar. Utilizando técnicas de estatística descritiva, ANOVA, teste de Tukey HSD e análise de regressão foram comparados os dados do período de isolamento social no Estado do Espírito Santo e os dados obtidos no mesmo período entre os anos de 2016 e 2019. Os resultados evidenciaram que existe uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a taxa de isolamento social e as concentrações de PM10. O estudo mostrou que em todas as estações consideradas, o aumento da taxa de isolamento social ocasionou uma redução nas concentrações do poluente.

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