-The objective of this work was to evaluate the crossability between cassava (Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) cultivars and the subspecies M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta subsp. peruviana. Plants from the BRS Jari, BRS Formosa, BRS Verdinha, and BGM 2050 (Equador 72) cultivars were crossed with the two subspecies. During flowering, at pre-anthesis, pistillate flowers were covered with a nylon bag and staminate flowers on the same inflorescence were emasculated. The staminate flowers were collected and placed in flasks previously labeled and sterilized with alcohol; some fresh flowers were stored at room temperature due to asynchronous flowering. The crosses were made between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. After pollination, the flowers were covered again. Evaluations were made from the moment of pollination to the dehiscence of the fruit. Of the total flowers pollinated, 38% were fertilized, and 504 developed fruits and 816 produced seeds were observed. As a male parent, M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia is more efficient in crosses with M. esculenta subsp. esculenta and may be recommend for controlled crosses. The crosses between the cassava cultivars and M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta subsp. peruviana produce viable seeds.Index terms: Manihot esculenta, controlled pollination, hybrid, plant breeding, wild relative species. Obtenção de híbridos de cultivares e de subespécies silvestres de mandiocaResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de obtenção de híbridos oriundos do cruzamento de cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) com as subespécies M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia e M. esculenta subsp. peruviana. Os cruzamentos foram realizados entre plantas das cultivares BRS Jari, BRS Formosa, BRS Verdinha e BGM 2050 (Equador 72) e das duas subespécies. Por ocasião do florescimento, no período pré-antese, as flores femininas foram cobertas com saco de pano tipo voal, com posterior emasculação das flores masculinas. As flores masculinas foram coletadas e acondicionadas em frascos previamente identificados e desinfetados com álcool; algumas flores foram armazenadas em temperatura ambiente devido ao florescimento assincrônico. Os cruzamentos foram feitos entre 10 e 14 horas. Após a polinização, as flores foram cobertas novamente. As avaliações foram efetuadas desde a polinização até a deiscência dos frutos. Do total das flores polinizadas, 38% foram fertilizadas, tendo-se observado 504 frutos desenvolvidos e 816 sementes produzidas. Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia como parental masculino é mais eficiente em cruzamentos com M. esculenta subsp. esculenta e pode ser indicada para cruzamentos controlados. Os cruzamentos realizados entre as cultivares de mandioca e M. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia e M. esculenta subsp. peruviana propiciam a obtenção de sementes viáveis.Termos para indexação: Manihot esculenta, polinização controlada, híbrido, melhoramento de plantas, parentes silvestres.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of transgenic papaya populations (PTPs) to Papaya ringspot virus-P (PRSV-P). 'Sunrise Solo' transgenic papaya plants were produced with the gene of the PRSV-P protein coat, and PRSV was mechanically inoculated in plants in greenhouse conditions. The presence of the CP/PRSV gene and homozygosis were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Selected plants and the 'Sunrise Solo' control were transplanted to the field for agronomic evaluations. The plants evaluated in greenhouse conditions showed resistance between 96.3 and 5.8%, without variation of symptoms. The PTPs 1/6, 1/7, 1/9, 1/10, 1/15, 2/38, 2/41, 2/56, 2/65, 3/27, 3/46, 3/48, 4/9, 4/27, 8/4, 8/23, 8/33, 18/3, 18/4, 18/8, 18/22, 18/27, 28/97, 28/104, and 28/110 showed no symptoms, they were ELISA negative, and most of them contained the CP and NPT II genes. PTPs 1/6 and 3/46 had the CP gene in homozygosis and in double insertion. PTPs 1/6/20, 1/6/59, 1/6/64, 1/6/90, 3/46/44, 3/46/52, and 18/27/97 had a well-formed fruit cluster, piriform fruit weighing approximately 500 grams, orange pulp, and less than 10% carpelloidy. PTPs 1/6/59 and 3/46/52 show resistance to PRSV, good agronomic characteristics, and the CP gene in homozygosis.
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