Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases and is amongst the leading causes of death. Cell-mediated immune response and cytokines could play an important role in antitumour immunity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytokines', tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and IL-6, releasing capacity in patients with lung carcinoma and benign lung disease. A group of 41 patients were tested for the production of TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood. The levels of cytokines in the lung cancer patients were: (1) in BAL ± IL-6, 173 AE 85 pg/ml; TNF-a, 170 AE 116 pg/ml; and IL-1b, 473 AE 440 pg/ml; (2) in the blood ± IL-6, 197 AE 53 pg/ml; TNF-a, 311 AE 202 pg/ml; and IL-1b, 915 AE 239 pg/ml. Alveolar macrophages of the patients with a lung cancer secreted significantly more cytokines, IL-6 (P 0.0004) and IL-1b (P 0.0047), than alveolar macrophages of the patients with a nonmalignant lung cancer. However, significantly lower levels of cytokine production by the BAL cells were found in patients with small cell lung cancer. This production decreased further in phase IV of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Upravljanje animalnim otpadom iz stočarske proizvodnje prehrambene industrijezahteva bezbedna, ekonomski opravdana i praktična rešenja, koje su usaglašenasa propisima EU. Prema direktivi EC br. 177
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