Portable reverse osmosis (RO) systems are increasingly being used for isolating dissolved organic matter (DOM) from freshwater aquatic systems because of their high volume processing capacity and high absolute DOM recoveries. However, obtaining complete recoveries implies the rinsing of the reverse osmosis system with a solution of dilute NaOH and combining the rinse solution and the DOM concentrate. Because of the potential chemical alterations that can affect the integrity of the organic pool leached from the RO system at high pHs, this approach is not compatible with studies based on the molecular-level analysis of DOM. The potential for elemental, isotopic, and chemical fractionation was thus evaluated on a series of freshwater DOM samples concentrated in the field with a portable RO system when the concentrate and the rinse solution are not combined. DOC recoveries in the concentrate varied between 81.6 and 88.8%, and total balance calculations showed total recoveries of dissolved and particulate organic carbon ranging between 96.4 and 106.9%. Despite similar delta13C signatures, differences in N content and FTIR-based chemical composition between the concentrate and the rinse DOM solutions suggest some degree of chemical fractionation.
The current standard of care for glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents such as temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA methylating compound. The cytotoxic effects of TMZ have been linked to guanine methylation at the N7 and O6 positions. These adducts are not currently used as markers of TMZ efficacy. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), we have established a sensitive analytical assay to directly detect both N7- and O6-methylguanine adducts from DNA following TMZ treatment. A limit of detection below 1 fmol was observed for O6-methylguanine, while N7-methylguanine was observed below 5 fmol. O6- and N7-methylguanine were successfully detected by LC/MS in tumour and normal brain tissue samples from patients treated with a neoadjuvant TMZ regimen for 14 days (75 mg/m2). Variations in levels of both methylated guanines were detected between patients as well as within different locations of the same tumour sample. This technique provides a direct detection of the damage inflicted by TMZ. This could potentially indicate the efficacy of the drug, allowing for prompt analysis and response. It also holds potential for determining efficacy of treatment dose, schedule and possible concomitant drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
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