Aims and objectives To determine the incidence, severity and risk factors of peripheral intravenous cannula‐induced complications. Background Peripheral venous cannulation in hospitalised patients may cause complications such as phlebitis, infiltration, occlusion and dislodgement. A review of the literature reveals the discrepancy in their incidence and identification of a wide range of risk factors, whereas the data on the occurrence and degree of severity are insufficient. Design An observational prospective study. Methods The study observed 1,428 peripheral intravenous cannula insertion among 368 adult patients hospitalised at the tertiary healthcare clinics. The data collection and analysis included patients’ medical data and the data related to each cannula (including placement, monitoring and the reasons for removal), as well as the data on the type of administered medications and solutions. Reporting of this research adheres to the STROBE guidelines. Results Phlebitis ranked first among complications with occurrence of 44%, followed by infiltration of 16.3%, while the incidence of occlusion and catheter dislodgement was 7.6% and 5.6%, respectively. In assessing the occurrence of phlebitis, multivariate analysis highlighted the presence of comorbidity, current infection, catheter size, time in situ and the number of administrations of infusion solutions associated with risk, whereas 20‐gauge catheter, two or more attempts at cannulation and administration of a high‐risk solutions during the first day have been singled out with regard to infiltration. As for the severity, the most common was medium stage of phlebitis, whereas grade 2 was most commonly observed for infiltration. Conclusion The incidence of infiltration, occlusion and dislodgment is almost congruent with the average incidence of previous studies. However, the incidence and degree of severity associated with the occurrence of phlebitis were significantly higher. Relevance to clinical practice The results of the study draw attention to vulnerable groups of patients, cannula‐specific and pharmacological risk factors for the development of peripheral intravenous cannula‐induced complications.

Objectives: to assess nurses' perceptions of risk factors for the development of phlebitis, with a special focus on the perception of phlebitic potentials of some infusion medications and solutions. Method: a cross-sectional questionnaire study, which included a sample of 102 nurses. Results: Nurses recognized some factors that may reduce the incidence of phlebitis; however, more than half of the nurses were unaware that the material and diameter of the cannula can affect the incidence rate of phlebitis. Furthermore,underlying disease and high pH of medications or solutions were identified as potential risk factors, whereas low pH and low osmolality were not. Nurses identified Vancomycin and Benzylpenicillin antibiotics with the strongest phlebitic potential. Among other medications and intravenous fluids, Aminophylline, Amiodaronehydrochloride and Potassium chloride 7.4% were identified as potentially causing phlebitis. Conclusion: predisposing factors for phlebitis relating to patients and administered therapy were identified by nurses, while some cannula related risk factors, in particular its physicochemical properties and the time for cannula replacement, were not fully perceived.

The study provides a new tool for measuring patient satisfaction with nursing care in Serbia that may present a useful instrument for nursing care managers in improving the nursing care process.

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There is increasing evidence on the correlation between education, knowledge and attitudes toward older people which suggests that by acquiring better insights into all aspects of ageing through their education the students develop more positive attitudes and interest in working with older adults.

Introduction. The most recent literature data and studies have recommended the middle gluteal muscle or the ventrogluteal side as the site for the application of intramuscular injection. Although it has been recommended for many years because of its many advantages it is rarely used in the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of application of intramuscular injection and the level of nurses' of knowledge on how to give injections at the ventrogluteal site. Material and Methods. This study was conducted as an observational, analytical cross-sectional study at two healthcare institutions of different medical care levels on a sample of 96 nurses. The Questionnaire on the level of knowledge concerning the Ventrogluteal Site for Intramuscular Injection was used as a research instrument. Results. A quarter (28.1%) of the nurses knew that the ventrogluteal site or the middle gluteal muscle was the recommended site for intramuscular injection, while in their clinical practice only 20.8% of the nurses used it. The average score on the Questionnaire on the level of knowledge concerning the Ventrogluteal Site for Intramuscular Injection was 8.8 ± 4.1 (SD), the maximum score being 22. Conclusion. The results of the study show that the ventrogluteal site for administering intramuscular injections is rarely used, and the level of knowledge which the nurses from the study sample have shown about the procedure and the advantages of using the ventrogluteal site for intramuscular injections is rather low. SažetakUvod. Prema najnovijoj literaturi i istraživanjima preporučeno mesto za davanje intramuskularnih injekcija je srednji glutealni mišić odnosno njegova ventroglutealna strana. Iako se već dugi niz godina preporučuje, zbog svih prednosti koje ima, u kliničkoj praksi se retko koristi. Cilj ove studije bio je da se proceni učestalost korišćenja ventroglutealnog mesta i nivo informisanosti medicinskih sestara o intramuskularnoj injekciji u ventroglutealno mesto. Materijal i metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao opservativna, analitička studija preseka u dve zdravstvene ustanove različitog nivoa zdravstvene zaštite na uzorku od 96 medicinskih sestara. Kao instrumenti istraživanja korišćen je upitnik za procenu znanja o ventroglutealnom mestu za davanje intramuskularne injekcije. Rezultati. Da je ventroglutealno mesto, odnosno srednji glutealni mišić mesto izbora za intramuskularnu injekciju znalo je četvrtina (28,1%) medicinskih sestara, a u kliničkoj praksi ga koristi samo 20,8% medicinskih sestara. Prosečan skor na upitniku znanja medicinskih sestara o ventroglutealnom mestu za intramuskularnu injekciju bio je 8,8 ± 4,1 (SD) od maksimalno mogućeg skora 22. Zaključak. Rezultati sprovedene studije su pokazali da se ventroglutealno mesto za davanje intramuskularnih injekcija retko koristi, kao i da je nivo znanja medicinskih sestara o proceduri i prednostima intramuskularne injekcije u ventroglutealno mesto ograničeno. Ključne

The students of the Integrated Studies of Medicine and School of Nursing had a positive attitude toward the influence of interprofessional education on the improvement of collaboration and teamwork.

Objectives To determine the predictors and level of social participation and depressive symptoms within the context of isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate if the residence and type of housing had a moderating role in the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 299 participants. Research instruments used in this study included: socio-demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Maastricht Social Participation Profile, and Mini-Mental State Exam. Results Social participation was found to contribute negatively to symptoms of depression (β = -0.245, p < .01), with a higher level of depression being found in older adults living in nursing homes (β = -0.152, p < .05). Conclusions The study confirmed a strong relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms in the COVID-19 pandemic.