This paper presents an overview of the applied research methodologies and developed travel demand models that take weather impact into account. The paper deals with trip generation and modal split as elements of travel demand that best describe changes in the travel behaviour in different weather conditions. The authors herein emphasize the importance of research in local conditions in all climate zones, especially in areas where climate and modal split characteristics are different from those in common research areas. This review is designed as a brief guide on how the impact of weather can be explored in order to encourage conducting research even in the countries where there is no systematic traffic and travel data collection. The stated adaptation technique followed by the panel household travel surveys may be particularly appropriate for those countries. It is concluded that small budgets should not be considered an obstacle, because it is possible to draw reliable conclusions based even on small samples. Moreover, modern research methods enable a cheaper survey process together with the possibility of obtaining higher quality of results. The increasing popularity of research in this field should contribute to the creation of more resilient transport systems all over the world. A special contribution of this paper is the review of research studies carried out in central, western and southern Europe and not mentioned in any review paper before.
Scientists trying to reach a consensus on the meaning of the term "terrorism" and how to deal with it have concluded that it is almost impossible to find a framework for a single generally accepted definition. When considering the conceptual determination of the word "terrorism", fragmented attitudes should serve as a warning that we are walking on thin ice where there is a collision of numerous definitions, a wealth of determinations with numerous discrepancies, contradictions, inaccuracies, and ambiguities. Some of the definitions are short and precise, and some implicitly explain what 'terrorism' means, some concepts coincide with those on which the content of the notion of terrorism is based, whereas some formulations are based on the delimitation of this criminal act in the field of national legislation. Ultimately, to summarize, at no point in history has this complex theme been discussed as it is today, while the results have been modest, even unsatisfactory. In short, progress in that sense has not been made. However, individual and collective scientific thought has contributed to defining the legal outlines of terrorism. Finally, its features have been determined significantly by international contracts and case law, which have clarified this concept, its main features. Based on this reference, as the author points out, significant differences exist between the aforementioned theoretical positions. The author says that a look at the level of substantial delimitation of concept terrorism will enable us to obtain interesting and applicable conclusions, which can be further used in explaining and scrutinizing both the characteristics and the specific content of the notion of terrorism, all in the function of looking for the most suitable model to fight against it.
Покушај одређења универзално прихватљиве дефиниције тероризмаАпстракт: Због тога што постоје одређени "превиди" у дешифровању унутрашње природе тероризма, потребно је да се нагласи како ова појава веома често (подразумевајући њен злочиначки елемент) обухвата и елементе политике, ратовања, пропаганде. Испитујући њихове спољашње манифестације, терористичке акције, на неки начин и понекад, подсећају на ратне злочине: нападају се цивили, заробљавају се таоци, људи се киднапују и прети им се смрћу. Међутим, до сада је изостајала политика подршке да се терористички акт дефинише као мировни еквивалент ратним злочинима. Аутор текста у раду наглашава да конкретна чињеница баца снажно светло на тумачење и разумевање појаве коју истражујемо и овде коментаришемо. У једном ширем смислу, ова чињеница баца светло и на природу света у коме живимо: карактер политичких система, неједнака расподела моћи, различити утицаји светских технолошких, економских, војних, политичких и културних сила на положаје одређених држава, тј. репертоар промена који је последњих година кулминирао у жестоке конфликте између неких нација... Управо из овог упућивања понекад се стиче утисак да недостатак консензуса око правог, истинитог и коначног дефинисања тероризма није последица концептуалних разлога или забуне, већ је, пре свега и искључиво − политички узрокован и условљен.Кључне речи: насиље, застрашивање, мотивација, двоструки стандарди, обичан криминалац или политички преступник. Зашто је тако тешко дефинисати тероризам?Мало је речи које су се тако снажно наметнуле у нашем свакодневном речнику. Попут речи интернет, и тероризам се нашао се у широкој употреби, а да се, заправо, и не зна шта она конкретно значи. Ове непрецизности су настале и као последица непрецизне употребе ове речи у медијима, који покушавају да нам у ограниченом времену или простору
Currently, across the globe and on different levels, serious debates are held on the possibilities of modern information communication technologies (ICT), including the internet, as well as their undesirable consequences. To an ordinary person, the “new” way of communicating via the internet and mobile phone is at the same time easy, simple, quick, and essential – it has become a fact of their daily lives. Moreover, the modern age purports the internet as one of the critical means of communication. If used “properly”, it represents an abundance of information on nearly every topic and entails many opportunities. With a vast and varied amount of collected data, it easily negotiates the acquirement of new learning and the shaping of lifestyle. However, the use of modern technologies which constantly transform, at times even completely changing and automatising nearly all areas of human activity, has its dark, destructive, and devastating side. Within that perspective, life in a network becomes increasingly more susceptible to manipulation and abuse. And the list of abuses is long... from having these technologies abused as a database, to an assault on someone’s privacy, stalking, cyber-mobbing, peer violence, sexual harassment and violence, human trafficking, organ trafficking, etc. Thus, a stance is formed – the emergence of new technologies has significantly endangered the right to privacy. In recent years, the right to privacy has been mostly associated with personal data, so, in that regard – when speaking about privacy, it is nearly always done in the context of personal data processing. The right to privacy and personal data protection falls within basic human rights, so, being that it is a fundamental right of man and citizen, the baseline of its protection in our legislation is comprised within, above all, the Constitution, The Law of data protection and The Criminal Code (Art. 146. Unauthorized collection of personal data). As the title suggests, the criminal law aspect of privacy and protection of personal data provided for in Art. 143 of the CC is the focus of this paper. In this context, the author, first of all, embarked on an analysis of the current state of threats to the right to privacy as a prerequisite for action in the direction of its protection. Abandoning the general consideration of this type, the examination is then focused on concretely explaining the meaning and essence of the criminal act – unauthorized collection of personal data, the forms in which it manifests itself, the criminal responsibility and punishment of the person who committed this act. With the statement that this is a dynamically changing reality, some of the key problems and challenges in the application of appropriate mechanisms for the protection of the right to privacy in the Republic of Serbia (with a special emphasis on the year behind us) were highlighted.
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