P u b l i c h e a lt h P r e P a r e d n e s s f o r t w o m a s s g at h e r i n g e v e n t s i n t h e c o n t e x t o f P a n d e m i c i n f l u e n z a ( h 1 n 1 ) 2 0 0 9 -s e r b i a , J u ly 2 0 0 9
To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort study of 8492 patients (69 countries) was analysed using artificial intelligence (machine learning techniques) to develop a predictive score for mortality in surgical patients with SARS-CoV-2. We found that patient rather than operation factors were the best predictors and used these to create the COVIDsurg Mortality Score (https://covidsurgrisk.app). Our data demonstrates that it is safe to restart a wide range of surgical services for selected patients.
This paper aims to contribute to greater involvement of elementary school children in sports and physical activity in the leisure time. The paper first discusses the theoretic bases concerning leisure time activities structure; the patterns of family leisure, and the importance of sports and physical activities in both groups. Empirical research aims to gain insight into the current patterns of elementary school children’ and their families’ leisure time, and the frequency of sports and physical activity in their free time; also it examines the differences in orientation towards sports and physical activities between children from urban and rural surroundings and between two age groups (4th grade and 7th grade students), and finally it studies a correlation between family leisure patterns and students’ own leisure choices. The research encompassed 189 students of urban and rural areas of the municipality of Leskovac. The students were examined by a 5-point Likert type scale and a questionnaire. Data processing was performed by the SPSS program. The main results led to the conclusions that: Families and schools have to play a significant role in awareness raising about the importance of physical activity and sports engagement within the student’s’ unstructured leisure time; There is a need to support rural schools in developing and sustaining school sports; and finally, Family involvement in sports and recreational activities has to be supported in order to make a model for students’ greater involvement into sports and physical activities.
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, distance learning
has become one of the main educational issues globally. With the transition
of all instruction to the online environment, teachers in Serbia have faced
a number of challenges and barriers that have affected the quality of their
work. In this paper, we wanted to analyse the barriers that teachers faced
during the first months of distance learning. The research was conducted
combining quantitative and qualitative analysis of data collected on a
sample of 122 high school teachers from the Southeast Serbia (Nis,
Leskovac). The results show that teachers recognise evaluation barriers as
the predominant ones, followed by organisational-administrative ones, while
the least represented were material-technical barriers to distance learning.
The findings also confirm that material and technical barriers are most
common among teachers with the longest work experience, as well as that
organisational-administrative and socio-emotional barriers are the least
common among teachers of vocational subjects. Although the focus of the
paper was on the barriers in the implementation of distance learning, it can
be concluded that teachers recognise certain benefits of this type of
instruction and indicate that it can be used as a supplement to regular
instruction. The main pedagogical implications of the paper refer to the
empowerment of teachers through professional development in the field of
distance learning, but also to the need to create new professional
development programmes in this field which will enable the development of
functional knowledge and relevant competencies for the immediate situational
context of modern instruction.
Education for leisure time makes a great challenge for educators in contemporary society because wrong choices and passive attitude in leisure time can have negative impact on the development of a child. Family is an important factor in education for leisure time, but educators have to account for how much family should and can influence children’s choices. Educators pay special attention to unstructured leisure time activities because those activities mostly depend on children’s choices, and are not dependent place or on regular schedule. The main aim of this paper is to find out whether families influence children choices, and if they do, whether the influence is stronger in structured or unstructured leisure time activities. The research encompassed a sample of 189 elementary school students (4th and 7th grade) from rural and urban surrounding. The third variable was parents’ employment, since we assumed that unemployed parents had better control and more influence over their children’s free time. The data was gathered through a specially constructed Likert-type questioner. Results showed that students recognised family’s influence, especially regarding unstructured leisure time activities and, as expected, families have stronger influence on younger children’s choices. There were slight, but statistically not significant differences within researched population regarding social surrounding and parents’ employment. These results can help further development of leisure time education within family, and are very encouraging for two reasons. First, it is unstructured activities that are more prone to negative influences, and they need more educational attention, so families in our research proved to make greater influence where it is more needed. And the second comes from the conclusion that families generally fulfil their role in leisure time education regardless of social circumstances.
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