The objectives of this article were to determine the content of total dietary fi bre (TDF) as well as of its fractions -soluble dietary fi bre (SDF) and insoluble dietary fi bre (IDF) of different cereals grown by conventional and organic farming in Macedonia, as well as to fi nd out the infl uence of the cereal type and farming method on their values. Standardized enzymatic-gravimetric method (Megazyme Total Dietary Fiber Kit) was used for determination of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fi ber in 27 different cereal samples of wheat, rye, barley, oat, and millet, which were grown at three locations. The content of TDF, IDF and SDF was infl uenced by both cereal type and farming type. The organically grown cereals, primarily oat and barley, have shown higher values of TDF and of its fractions than the conventionally grown cereals. Their values (% db) for oat and barley for TDF were 42.00±1.39 and 21.91±2.01, for IDF 39.22±0.58 and 15.06±1.84 and for SDF 2.78±1.25 and 6.85±3.85, respectively. Barley grown by either organic or in conversion farming method proved to have the highest value of SDF content among the other cereals investigated, whereas oat produced by organic farming method exhibited the highest values of TDF and ISF content. The organic farming method proved to have a good perspective in cereal processing and technology, food market and nutrition.
Abstract. In this paper, the results obtained from the investigations performed on determination of the content of soluble dietary fibre component β-glucan in different cereals grown by conventional and organic farming method are presented. Because dietary fibre and its components have great importance for human and animal nutrition as well as health benefits, it was a need to investigate the content of β-glucan from cereal domestic origin. Standardized enzymatic-gravimetric method-a mixed-linkage β-glucan assay Megazyme Kit (Megazyme, Ireland) was used for determination of β-glucan content in 27 different cereal samples: barley, oat, rye and wheat, grown at three locations during 2013. The mean values of β-glucan content in cereals conventionally grown ranged from 34.41 ± 1.47 g.kg -1 db with barley, through 23.5 ± 4.52 g.kg -1 db and 15.61 ± 0.36 g.kg -1 db with oat and rye, respectively to 5.60 ± 1.02 g.kg -1 db with wheat. The mean values of β-glucan content in analyzed cereals which were organically grown ranged from 33.28 ± 2.34 g.kg -1 db with barley, 21.3 ± 1.87 g.kg -1 db with oat, 15.81 ± 2.30 g.kg -1 db with rye and to 6.04 ± 0.58 g.kg -1 db with wheat. Compared to the other cereals investigated, barley grown by either conventional or organic farming method proved to have the highest content of β-glucan demonstrating its good perspective in cereal processing and technology, food market and human and animal nutrition. The positive/negative correlations allow indirect evaluation of cereals in breeding work aimed at creation of forms with increased/decreased content of β-glucans in grain.
Research evidence on health determinants has led to development of a national programme for noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention. Numerous studies have confirmed the role of nutrition and physical activity in preventing main NCDs: cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease. The aim of the study was to analyse and evaluate the results obtained from the new “cross-sectional” study in 2012 offer monitoring of eating habits and physical activity levels monitoring related to socioeconomic status of the participants in 2012. The study was conducted in five regions of the Republic of Macedonia and included 1600 respondents aged 10 to 64 years. Monitoring was conducted using self-designed questionnaire. Eating habits were surveyed using questionnaires to monitor the frequency of consumption of main food groups during a week. Leisure time physical activity was a priority measure in the study. Also, in the study a model was applied for strategic planning in NCD prevention, based on the results of the health behaviour survey. The model was analysed using a software package. The results indicate that NCDs prevention through improving physical activity levels and changes in eating habits should be focused on changes in food content including availability of whole grain bread, guidelines and policy on food labelling and health claims, marketing and city planning that facilitates an active life.
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