Background: Liver enlargement could be an indicator of underlying liver disease, even if there are usually no symptoms associated with it. On the other hand, Symptoms of a grossly enlarged liver include abdominal discomfort or feeling full could potentially provide an insight into an underlying serious pathology It could be due to a various number of infective/Inflammatory, Congestive, infiltrative, proliferative (Kupfer cell) reasons. It could also be a manifestation of an underlying intrinsic hepatic disorder and Storage related disorders. Material and Methods: All children upto the age of one month to 10 years presenting to Hitech Medical College and Hospital with increase in liver span were included in the study over the span of the past year. Patients were subjected to routine investigations and in some cases some special investigations depending on provisional diagnosis after detailed history and physical examination. Results and Conclusion:The most common age group presenting with hepatomegaly was found to be between 1 to 5 years followed by 5 to 10 years. The most common aetiology was found to be infections and the most common presenting signs and symptoms were found to be fever, anemia followed by oedema and jaundice.

Introduction: India's population has reached the 1 billion mark, out of which 21% are adolescents (1) . India has the largest population of adolescents (243 million) (2) The nutritional and the health needs of the adolescents are also more because of the growth spurt and the increase in physical activity in them. (3) In a family with limited resource the female child is more likely to be neglected. She is deprived of good food and education and is utilized as an extra working hand to carry out the household works. The added burden of menstrual blood loss, normal or abnormal precipitates the anaemia too often. Methods: This was a community-based Cross-Sectional descriptive Study conducted in the schools of rural area surrounding Bhubaneswar, Odisha between from November 2016 to October 2018 over a period of two years. Results: The prevalence of anemia was found to be a whopping 61.6% most profound (71.4% of the girls) in the age group of 13-16yrs. Age was significantly associated with anaemia. Occupation, religion, marital status, diet pattern and BMI did not show any significance with anaemia. Father's education, occupation, mother's occupation, type of family and birth order revealed no significance with anaemia. Conclusion: Burden of anemia continues to be a problem in the school going population of girls despite the various prophylactic programmes being conducted.

Background: Seizures are the most important indicator of significant neurological dysfunction in neonatal period. The incidence of neonatal seizure in India is around 1.8-3.5/1000 live births. The clinical diagnosis of neonatal seizure is very challenging as a high proportion of these seizures are subclinical. Without early diagnosis and treatment they lead to death and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Objective: To identify different types of neonatal seizures and to determine the natural history, etiology, time of onset and short term outcome of seizures among neonates admitted to

Background and Objective: Neonatal hypothyroidism is associated with poor neuro behavioral outcome in neonates. Brazelton neurobehavioral assessment scale is good alternative to assess the neurobehavioral outcome of neonates at bedside.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy (1) . Indian women have an eleven fold increased risk of developing glucose intolerance during pregnancy compared to Caucasian wome .(20 . Studies suggest there would be a further increase to 20% in incidence rates. Gestational Diabetes not only plays a role in altering the immediate maternal and fetal outcomes but also increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in the future for both mother (A relative risk of 7.43) (3) and the baby (4) . Methods: A cohort study conducted in 202 patients consisting of 101 patients of pregnant women with GDM risk and normal pregnancy each at Department of Paediatrics, Hitech Medical college, Bhubaneswar over a period of 2 years. Results: Major outcomes included 83(82.2%) women having gestational diabetes had underwent Cesarean Sections and had 4 macrosomic babies. The babies of these mothers also had the most tendencies to develop hyperbilirubinemia and accounted for a total of 19 NICU admissions with 2 stillbirths. Conclusion: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is associated with significant maternal and fetal outcomes.

Introduction: Poor housing conditions contribute to respiratory infections, skin diseases, injuries, mental illness. Objective: To assess the housing standards of the residents of Mugalur village, Sarjapur PHC, Bangalore. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of 252 households in Mugalur village. A structured, face-validated questionnaire was developed to assess the housing conditions and scored on a scale of 0-20 with a higher score depicting better housing conditions. Results: The mean family size was 3.7 + 1.6, 222(88.1%) had Below Poverty Line card. The mean housing standard score was 12.0 + 2.5, 151(59.9%) houses were pucca. For drinking purposes, 138(54.5%) of the households bought water from Community Reverse Osmosis plant. Most of the households did not have exhaust vent 132(52.4%), adequate setback 133(52.8%) and waste segregation 169(67.1%). Toilet facility was present in 193(76.6%) of the households. The criterion for adequate sanitation was met by 35(13.8%) of the households, 252(100%) practiced inappropriate waste disposal. There was a significant association between the duration of stay and the mean housing standard score. Conclusion: The mean housing standard score was 12.0 + 2.5 out of a total score of 20. Areas for improvement were solid waste management and sullage disposal.

No abstract