Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective biotechnological method of wastewater treatment that involves the use of plants. In this research work, the potentials of Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor aquatic plants in treatment of wastewater was examined. The two plants were cultivated in the wastewater sample for a period of 10 days. Water quality parameters (turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate) tests was subjected on the untreated (influent) and treated water (effluent) samples at a detention time of 24 hours. The outcome of the analysis demonstrates that P. stratiotes effluent achieved a reduction efficiency of up to 91.9%, 68%, 79.6%, and 71% for turbidity, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate, respectively. Whereas for L. minor treated water samples, the highest reduction efficiency for turbidity, COD, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate was found to be 87.2%, 46%, 48.7%, 83% and 56%, respectively. Hence, the overall outcome obtained indicate that P. stratiotes performed better in improving the quality of domestic wastewater compared to L. minor plants.
According to the Department of Environment, numerous rivers, and streams in Selangor, and practically all rivers, are in the 'polluted' and ‘slightly polluted' category even before the COVID-19 outbreak (DOE, 2022). Due to a lack of anthropogenic activities such as industrial discharge, agricultural, poultry, sediment, and silt erosion, the trend of pandemic lockdown on water quality parameters in Selangor is expected to decline. The goal of this research is to see if contamination of water resources and rivers increases or decreases during a pandemic by examining the trajectory of water quality parameters in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, to figure out which parameters are affecting pollution in Selangor rivers, and to emphasize the water quality in each river for DOE (2022), utilizing data from 2016 to 2020. The results of the investigation revealed significant variations in water and wastewater quality over time. Finally, it showed positive changes during the pre-pandemic and pandemic lockdown periods. DO, TSS, ammoniacal nitrogen, and turbidity exhibited positive effects on water quality metrics during the pandemic lockdown period, however, BOD, COD, and pH levels had negative effects.
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