Introduction: Vaccination against Covid-19 has become the promising strategy in controlling rise in Covid cases. Covishield and Covaxin were the two vaccines initially available in India which have been administered to all those >18years of age. These vaccines exhibit a spectrum of side effects, which may affect vaccination rates. The study was conducted to estimate the frequency of side effects of Covid vaccines in India and their relationship with co-morbidities and prior Covid-19 infection. Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire-based online survey was conducted for duration of one month among 1800 participants who had received at least one dose of Covid vaccine at KIMS Hospital, Hubballi, Karnataka, selected using systematic random sampling and information about vaccination, comorbidities and covid infection after vaccination was collected. Results: The most common side effects were fever, headache and generalised body ache. The prevalence of infection after complete vaccination with Covishield (4.45%) was higher than Covaxin (1.08%) and difference was statistically significant. The prevalence of side effects and Covid-19 infection after vaccination did not vary with co-morbidities. Conclusion: The side effects reported were not serious and the prevalence was similar in both the vaccines. The prevalence of infection still remains high after vaccination; hence Covid Appropriate Behaviour should be continued.
Background: Family environment plays a significant role in socio-emotional and educational adjustment in adolescents. In the present scenario, parents are in hurry to improve their standard of living and they have no time to engage in child-bearing activities. Low self-esteem is creating mental and psycho-social problems such as poor academic achievement, inadequate adjustments among the siblings and peers, impaired social functioning, suicide, and substance abuse among adolescents. Methodology: A School-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents of Hubli taluka. Information was collected by a self-administered questionnaire with components for Systematic assessment of family environment (SAFE), Self-esteem scale, and Adjustment inventory for school students (AISS). Results: Among 600 adolescents, 85.6% of adolescents had Normal self-esteem, 95%of families were competent, however only 1-7% of the students had an excellent adjustment. Emotional and social adjustment was better compared to Educational adjustment. Adjustment behavior and family environment had a positive association. There was a significant difference in the adjustment scores among low self-esteem and normal self-esteem (p<0.001) and also among discordant and competent families. Conclusion: The adjustment behavior depends on a better family environment and normal self-esteem. The Family environment has a positive effect on self-esteem as well as adjustment behavior. School mental health services should be initiated.
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