These data demonstrate that oral supplementation of folic acid can improve endothelial function in patients with increased risk of atherosclerotic disease due to hypercholesterolemia, without changes in plasma lipids.

NCT02150486.

The phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from bovine liver has specific binding sites for the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains of the phosphatidylcholine molecule [Berkhout, T.A., Visser, A.J. W.G., & Wirtz, K.W.A. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 1505-1513]. In the present study, we have investigated the properties of these binding sites by determining both binding and transfer of several sets of pyrenylphosphatidylcholine species. These sets consisted of positional isomers in which the length of the pyrene-labeled acyl chain (i.e., 5-13 methylene units) or of the unlabeled saturated acyl chain (i.e., 9-19 methylene units) was varied in either the sn-1 or the sn-2 position. Binding studies showed that there was a considerable discrimination between positional isomers with the higher affinity observed for those lipids that carry the pyrenyl chain in the sn-2 position. In addition, the affinity is markedly dependent on the length of the acyl chains; pyrenyl acyl chains of 9 and 11 methylene units and the palmitoyl chain provided the most efficient binding. The affinity of the transfer protein for the strongest bound pyrene lipid was approximately 2.5 times higher than for an average egg phosphatidylcholine molecule. In general, the transfer studies were in agreement with the binding data. However, with some short-chain derivatives, transfer rates were faster than expected on the basis of the binding data. This emphasizes the importance of kinetic factors (i.e., activation energy) in the transfer process. The rates of spontaneous transfer decreased monotonically with increasing chain length and were very similar for all positional isomer pairs studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The use of the road map based on Sigma Metrics leads to fast and easy implementation of optimal Westgard QC rules.