College students worked with a fictitious partner on a task for which their dyad received monetary reward. Subjects were told their performance was either superior or inferior to that of their partner and were then allowed to allocate the reward earned by their group. Males took more than half the reward when their performance was superior and less than half when their performance was inferior. Females took approximately half the reward when their performance was superior and much less than half when their performance was inferior. Females with superior performance also tended to minimize the difference between their own performance and that of their partner. These findings were contrasted with results from a study of children of preschool age. The reward allocation responses of subjects with superior performance were similar at both age levels, but those of subjects with inferior performance were not.